Targeting NOX2 with Bivalent Small-Molecule p47phox-p22phox Inhibitors.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase isoform 2 (NOX2) is an enzymatic complex whose function is the regulated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). NOX2 activity is central to redox signaling events and antibacterial response, but excessive ROS production by NOX2 leads to oxidative stress and inflammation in a range of diseases. The protein-protein interaction between the NOX2 subunits p47phox and p22phox is essential for NOX2 activation, thus p47phox is a potential drug target.

Waking Up in Pain: a prospective unselected cohort study of pain in 3702 patients immediately after surgery in the Danish Realm.

Background: Acute and persistent pain after surgery is well described. However, no large-scale studies on immediate postoperative pain in the operating room (OR) exist, hindering potential areas of research to improve clinical outcomes. Thus, we aimed to describe the occurrence and severity of immediate postoperative pain in a large, unselected cohort.

The association between metal allergy, total knee arthroplasty, and revision: study based on the Danish Knee Arthroplasty Register.

Background And Purpose: It is unclear whether delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions against implanted metals play a role in the etiopathogenesis of malfunctioning total knee arthroplasties. We therefore evaluated the association between metal allergy, defined as a positive patch test reaction to common metal allergens, and revision surgery in patients who underwent knee arthroplasty.

Patients And Methods: The nationwide Danish Knee Arthroplasty Register, including all knee-implanted patients and revisions in Denmark after 1997 (n = 46,407), was crosslinked with a contact allergy patch test database from the greater Copenhagen area (n = 27,020).

The Copeland resurfacing humeral head implant does not restore humeral head anatomy. A retrospective study.

Purpose: Recently, there has been concern that the Copeland resurfacing humeral head implant (RHHI) leaves the shoulder joint overstuffed. The purpose of this study was in a selected cohort of patients operated with a Copeland RHHI (1) to evaluate the Length of the Gleno-Humeral Offset (LGHO), (2) to assess the patient-reported quality of life and functional outcome measured by Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder Index (WOOS) and (3) to determine the number of revisions in the cohort.

Methods: Pre- and postoperative radiographs were retrieved from 71 of 91 possible patients operated with a Copeland RHHI from 2005 to 2009.

Management of distal tibial medial malleolus type-6 physeal fractures.

Purpose: Type 6 is an open fracture in which part of the physis is missing. It is the least common physeal fracture, but has the highest rate of complications, particularly the formation of a physeal bar. Without preemptive treatment, a physeal bar always forms, producing growth retardation and angular deformity, and excision of these physeal bars has been uniformly unsuccessful.

A missense T (Brachyury) mutation contributes to vertebral malformations.

No major susceptibility genes for sporadically occurring congenital vertebral malformations (CVM) in humans have been identified to date. Body patterning genes whose mutants cause axial skeletal anomalies in mice are candidates for human CVM susceptibility. T (also known as Brachyury) and TBX6 are critical genes needed to establish mesodermal identity.

Lack of evidence of WNT3A as a candidate gene for congenital vertebral malformations.

Background: Prior investigations have not identified a major locus for vertebral malformations, providing evidence that there is genetic heterogeneity for this condition. WNT3A has recently been identified as a negative regulator of Notch signaling and somitogenesis. Mice with mutations in Wnt3a develop caudal vertebral malformations.

[A clinical gait analysis. A survey of usefulness of a gait laboratory].

Advanced equipment for objective, quantitative 3-D locomotion analysis has been developed and has resulted in setting up clinical gait and locomotion laboratories connected to hospitals in USA and Europe. Before treatment of sufferings related to the locomotive system, the pathological movements can be objectified, and by repeating a gait analysis, the effect of treatment can be read. In treatment of cerebral palsy the method is used routinely, but influences of traumatic brain damage and apoplexy, as well as the effect of artificial joints in the body's locomotive patterns, can profitably be analysed.

DLL3 as a candidate gene for vertebral malformations.

Investigations have not identified a major locus for congenital vertebral malformations. Based on observations in mice, we hypothesized that mutations in DLL3, a member of the notch-signaling pathway, might contribute to human vertebral malformations. We sequenced the DLL3 gene in 50 patients with congenital vertebral malformations.

Congenital and idiopathic scoliosis: clinical and genetic aspects.

Objective: Genetic and environmental factors influencing spinal development in lower vertebrates are likely to play a role in the abnormalities associated with human congenital scoliosis (CS) and idiopathic scoliosis (IS). An overview of the molecular embryology of spinal development and the clinical and genetic aspects of CS and IS are presented. Utilizing synteny analysis of the mouse and human genetic databases, likely candidate genes for human CS and IS were identified.

Alveolar soft-part sarcoma responsive to intensive chemotherapy.

Alveolar soft-part sarcoma (ASPS) is a very rare malignant tumor, usually of the extremities, and is seen most often in adolescents and young adults. Surgical excision of the primary and pulmonary metastases has resulted in prolonged survival in some patients, but adjuvant radiation and/or chemotherapy are generally thought to be ineffective. The authors describe a 13-year-old patient with ASPS of an extremity who presented with multiple bilateral pulmonary metastases at diagnosis.

A comparison of the effects of solid, articulated, and posterior leaf-spring ankle-foot orthoses and shoes alone on gait and energy expenditure in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.

Fourteen children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy were evaluated wearing threedifferent ankle-foot orthoses and shoes alone. The ankle-foot orthoses included solid, articulated ankle, and posterior leaf-spring types. Evaluation measures included computerized gait analysis, Energy Efficiency Index data, and individual preference.