Outcomes and complications of external ventricular drainage in primary and secondary intraventricular hemorrhage: a descriptive observational study.

Objective: Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a serious condition with high mortality rates and poor functional outcome in survivors. Treatment includes external ventricular drains (EVDs), which are associated with several complications. This study reports the clinical outcome and complication rate in patients with primary IVH (pIVH) and secondary IVH treated with EVDs.

Cisternal and intraventricular irrigation in subarachnoid and intraventricular haemorrhage.

Background: Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) and intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) are associated with poor patient outcomes. Intraventricular fibrinolysis is effective in clearing IVH and improving patient survival and neurological outcome. By similar rationale, cisternal irrigation has been proposed as a potential method to accelerate haematoma clearance in SAH.

A 72-h sedated porcine model of traumatic spinal cord injury.

Introduction: There is an increasing focus on the prevention of secondary injuries following traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI), especially through improvement of spinal cord perfusion and immunological modulation. Such therapeutic strategies require translational and controlled animal models of disease progression of the acute phases of human TSCI.

Research Question: Is it possible to establish a 72-h sedated porcine model of incomplete thoracic TSCI, enabling controlled use of continuous, invasive, and non-invasive modalities during the entire sub-acute phase of TSCI?

Material And Methods: A sham-controlled trial was conducted to establish the model, and 10 animals were assigned to either sham or TSCI.

Reliability and performance of the IRRAflow® system for intracranial lavage and evacuation of hematomas-A technical note.

Background: Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a severe condition with poor outcomes and high mortality. IRRAflow® (IRRAS AB) is a new technology introduced to accelerate IVH clearance by minimally invasive wash-out. The IRRAflow® system performs active and controlled intracranial irrigation and aspiration with physiological saline, while simultaneously monitoring and maintaining a stable intracranial pressure (ICP).

Descriptive registry study on outcome and complications of external ventricular drainage treatment of intraventricular haemorrhage in a Danish cohort: a study protocol.

Introduction: Intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. External ventricular drainage (EVD) has been shown to decrease mortality. Although EVD is widely used, outcome and complication rates in EVD-treated patients with IVH are not fully elucidated.

Intraventricular Lavage vs External Ventricular Drainage for Intraventricular Hemorrhage: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Intraventricular lavage has been proposed as a minimally invasive method to evacuate intraventricular hemorrhage. There is little evidence to support its use.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and potential efficacy of intraventricular lavage treatment of intraventricular hemorrhage.

Glial fibrillary acidic protein is a robust biomarker in cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood after traumatic spinal cord injury: a prospective pilot study.

Purpose: Biochemical biomarkers to determine the injury severity and the potential for functional recovery of traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) are highly warranted; however, it remains to be clarified whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or peripheral blood (PB) is the ideal sample media. This study aims to measure and compare biomarker concentrations in CSF and PB and to explore associations between biomarker concentrations and injury severity, i.e.

Treatment of Intraventricular Hemorrhage with External Ventricular Drainage and Fibrinolysis: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Complications and Outcome.

Background: External ventricular drainage (EVD) is a key factor in the treatment of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) but associated with risks and complications. Intraventricular fibrinolysis (IVF) has been proposed to improve clinical outcome and reduce complications of EVD treatment. The following review and metaanalysis provides a comprehensive evaluation of IVH treatment with external ventricular drainage (EVD) and intraventricular fibrinolysis (IVF) with regards to complications and clinical outcomes.

Cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood proteomics in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A prospective pilot study.

•Proteomics enable profiling of inflammatory responses after spinal cord injury.•Proteins are differentially expressed over time.•Proteins are differentially expressed in cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood.

The inflammatory response and blood-spinal cord barrier integrity in traumatic spinal cord injury: a prospective pilot study.

Purpose: Triggering of inflammatory responses and disruption of blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) integrity are considered pivotal events in the pathophysiology of traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI). Yet, these events are poorly understood and described in humans. This study aims to describe inflammatory responses and BSCB integrity in human TSCI.

Diffusional kurtosis imaging as a possible prognostic marker of cervical incomplete spinal cord injury outcome: a prospective pilot study.

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with substantial chronic morbidity and mortality. Routine imaging techniques such as T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are not effective in predicting neurological deficiency grade or outcome. Diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) is an MR imaging technique that provides microstructural information about biological tissue.

Vagus Nerve Cross-Sectional Area in Patients With Parkinson's Disease-An Ultrasound Case-Control Study.

Vagal parasympathetic neurons are prone to degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD). High-resolution ultrasound can precisely estimate the cross-sectional (CSA) area of peripheral nerves. Here, we tested the hypothesis that vagus CSA is reduced in PD.

Fatal 3-Nitropropionic Acid Poisoning after Consuming Coconut Water.

We describe the fatal course of a patient with initial symptoms of vomiting and nausea who developed symptoms of dystonia, encephalopathy, and coma. The cause of death was poisoning with 3-nitropropionic acid from coconut water spoiled with the fungus Arthrinium saccharicola. We present the clinical findings and forensic analysis.

Initial blood pressure is important for long-term outcome after traumatic spinal cord injury.

Objective: Patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) are at risk of developing neurogenic shock that causes hypotension and thereby secondary injury to the spinal cord due to ischemia. Hemodynamic treatment of patients with acute TSCI remains inadequately elucidated. Guidelines for management are divergent and based on limited evidence.

Best practice guidelines for blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI).

Blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) is a non-penetrating injury to the carotid and/or vertebral artery that may cause stroke in trauma patients. Historically BCVI has been considered rare but more recent publications indicate an overall incidence of 1-2% in the in-hospital trauma population and as high as 9% in patients with severe head injury. The indications for screening, treatment and follow-up of these patients have been controversial for years with few clear recommendations.

[Assessment of the prognosis in patients who remain comatose after resuscitation from cardiac arrest].

In Denmark there are around 3,500 unexpected cardiac arrests (CA) out of hospital each year. There is an unknown number of CA in hospitals. The survival rate after CA outside a hospital in Denmark is 10% after 30 days.

High-fat feeding during gestation and nursing period have differential effects on the insulin secretory capacity in offspring from normal Wistar rats.

Unlabelled: Restriction of protein or energy intake during gestation or early life is linked to developmental defects in the endocrine pancreas and insulin resistance.

Aims: To study whether a saturated fatty acid-rich diet during gestation and/or after the weaning period may be detrimental to the insulin secretory capacity later in life.

Study Design: Female Wistar rats were fed diets rich in carbohydrate (CHO) or saturated fat (SAFA) during pregnancy.

The diterpene glycoside, rebaudioside A, does not improve glycemic control or affect blood pressure after eight weeks treatment in the Goto-Kakizaki rat.

The plant, Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (SrB), has been used for the treatment of diabetes in traditional medicine. Previously, we have demonstrated that long-term administration of the glycoside stevioside has insulinotropic, glucagonostatic, anti-hyperglycemic and blood pressure-lowering effects in type 2 diabetic animal models. The aim of this study was to elucidate if long-term administration of rebaudioside A, another glycoside isolated from the plant SrB, could improve glycemic control and lower blood pressure in an animal model of type 2 diabetes.

Can stevioside in combination with a soy-based dietary supplement be a new useful treatment of type 2 diabetes? An in vivo study in the diabetic goto-kakizaki rat.

The diterpene glycoside stevioside (SVS) and soy bean protein isolate have both been shown to have beneficial effects in diabetes treatment. As they each show different benefits we investigated whether the combination of both substances shows an improvement in the treatment of diabetes in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. Over the course of 4 wk, the rats were fed with the following four test diets (n = 12 per group): 1.

Comparison of insulin responses in experiments using pooled mice islets versus islets from individual animals in the study of diabetes.

Isolated islets of Langerhans have been widely used to clarify the beta-cell function and insulin secretion in normal and diabetic states. Most of these studies have applied a pooled-islet design using isolated islets from a number of animals. However, to our knowledge, no previous studies have explored the consequences of using the pooled-islet design.

Repeated prolonged whole-body low-intensity exercise: effects on insulin sensitivity and limb muscle adaptations.

This study investigates the effect of prolonged whole-body low-intensity exercise on insulin sensitivity and the limb muscle adaptive response. Seven male subjects (weight, 90.2 +/- 3.

Stevioside does not cause increased basal insulin secretion or beta-cell desensitization as does the sulphonylurea, glibenclamide: studies in vitro.

We have shown that stevioside (SVS) enhances insulin secretion and thus may have a potential role as antihyperglycemic agent in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, whether SVS stimulates basal insulin secretion (BIS) and/or cause desensitization of beta cells like sulphonylureas (SU), e.g.