Patients and family attitudes about clinical and research sharing of electronic clinical data.

Purpose: To access the attitudes of service users about the sharing of health records for research and to foster collaboration between municipal health services and the specialist health services in Norway.

Methods: Members ( ≈ 2000) of the Norwegian mental health service users' organizations (SUO's), ADHD Norway, the Autism Association and the Tourette Association, representing Central Norway, participated in the study, ( = 108, 5.4% response rate).

Economic evidence of clinical decision support systems in mental health: A systematic literature review.

Mental health conditions are among the highest disease burden on society, affecting approximately 20% of children and adolescents at any point in time, with depression and anxiety being the leading causes of disability globally. To improve treatment outcomes, healthcare organizations turned to clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) that offer patient-specific diagnoses and recommendations. However, the economic impact of CDSS is limited, especially in child and adolescent mental health.

A review of information sources and analysis methods for data driven decision aids in child and adolescent mental health services.

Objective: Clinical data analysis relies on effective methods and appropriate data. Recognizing distinctive clinical services and service functions may lead to improved decision-making. Our first objective is to categorize analytical methods, data sources, and algorithms used in current research on information analysis and decision support in child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS).

Challenges in Interpreting Norwegian Child and Adolescent Mental Health Records.

The Electronic Health Record system BUPdata served Norwegian Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) for over 35 years and is still an important source of information for understanding clinical practice. Secondary usage of clinical data enables learning and service quality improvement. We present some insights from explorative data analysis for interpreting the records of patients referred for hyperkinetic disorders.

Guideline evaluation and implementation mechanisms in school health services (GuideMe): protocol for a hybrid randomized factorial trial.

Background: Norwegian school health services received a national best-practice guideline in 2017. To promote healthy life skills and identify adolescents needing support, the guideline includes strong recommendations for individual consultations with all 8th graders and increased collaboration with schools. To help implement the recommendations, a blended implementation strategy (SchoolHealth) was co-created with school nurses, students, and stakeholders.

Usability of the IDDEAS prototype in child and adolescent mental health services: A qualitative study for clinical decision support system development.

Introduction: Child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) clinical decision support system (CDSS) provides clinicians with real-time support as they assess and treat patients. CDSS can integrate diverse clinical data for identifying child and adolescent mental health needs earlier and more comprehensively. Individualized Digital Decision Assist System (IDDEAS) has the potential to improve quality of care with enhanced efficiency and effectiveness.

Acute stress response on Atlantic salmon: a time-course study of the effects on plasma metabolites, mucus cortisol levels, and head kidney transcriptome profile.

Farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) welfare and performance can be strongly influenced by stress episodes caused by handling during farming practices. To better understand the changes occurring after an acute stress response, we exposed a group of Atlantic salmon parr to an acute stressor, which involved netting and transferring fish to several new holding tanks. We describe a time-course response to stress by sampling parr in groups before (T0) and 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 120, 240, 300, and 330 min post-stress.

Increasing Dip Net Mesh Size Results in More Fin Splits in Post-Smolt Atlantic Salmon ().

Dip nets are widely used to retrieve fish from the water but can cause injuries to the fish. The objective of this study was to document the potential effects of dip net mesh size with respect to external injuries, more specifically fin splits and scale losses, in Atlantic salmon (). The study included 273 post-smolt Atlantic salmon from two fish batches referred to as the Tank group ( = 178 ± 36 g, = 198) and the Cage group ( = 1319 ± 334 g, = 75).

Warm water treatment increased mortality risk in salmon.

Thermal treatment is a controversial method to control sea lice in the Atlantic salmon farming industry. This study aimed to complement the growing evidence base to document the impact of thermal treatments on salmon welfare, behaviour, physiology and health. Here, fish were treated two times (four weeks apart) for 30 s in either 27, 30, or 33 °C warm water, and parameters were compared to a procedural control (exposed to their holding temperature of 14 °C) or a negative control (where no treatments were applied).

Minding the Gaps in Fish Welfare: The Untapped Potential of Fish Farm Workers.

The welfare of farmed fish is often regarded with less concern than the welfare of other husbandry animals, as fish are not universally classified as sentient beings. In Norway, farmed fish and other husbandry animals are legally protected under the same laws. Additionally, the legislature has defined a number of aquaculture-specific amendments, including mandatory welfare courses for fish farmers who have a key role in securing animal welfare, also with regards to noting welfare challenges in the production process.

The effect of fasting period on swimming performance, blood parameters and stress recovery in Atlantic salmon post smolts.

In this study, Atlantic salmon post smolts (~250 g, ~29 cm) were fasted for four weeks at 12 °C in full strength seawater. During this period, the critical swimming speed (U) was measured after 1, 2 and 4 weeks of fasting, as well as in a fed control group. Furthermore, blood samples were taken in each treatment group prior to the swim test, at fatigue, and following 3 h and 24 h of subsequent recovery.

The effect of temperature on ability of Lepeophtheirus salmonis to infect and persist on Atlantic salmon.

The salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) is an ecologically and economically important parasite of salmonid fish. Temperature is a strong influencer of biological processes in salmon lice, with development rate increased at higher temperatures. The successful attachment of lice onto a host is also predicted to be influenced by temperature; however, the correlation of temperature with parasite survival is unknown.

Thermal injuries in Atlantic salmon in a pilot laboratory trial.

Thermal delousing is a new method for removing sea lice from farmed Atlantic salmon ( L). We investigated thermally-related tissue injuries in Atlantic salmon in a pilot laboratory trial to describe the acute effect of high water temperatures (34-38 °C). Acute tissue injuries in gills, eyes, brain and possible also nasal cavity and thymus were seen in salmon exposed to water temperatures of 34 - 38 °C in 72 to 140 s.

Sudden exposure to warm water causes instant behavioural responses indicative of nociception or pain in Atlantic salmon.

Thermal treatment has become the most used delousing method in salmonid aquaculture. However, concerns have been raised about it being painful for the fish. We studied the behavioural response of Atlantic salmon acclimated to 8 °C when transferred to temperatures in the range 0-38 °C.

Is it advantageous for Atlantic salmon to be triploid at lower temperatures?

Marine organisms living at low temperatures tend to have larger genomes and larger cells which suggest that these traits can be beneficial in colder environments. In fish, triploidy (three complete sets of chromosomes) can be induced experimentally following fertilization, which provides a model system to investigate the hypothesis that larger cells and genomes offers a physiological advantage at low temperatures. We tested this hypothesis by measuring metabolic rates and swimming performance of diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) post smolts acclimated to 3 or 10.

Skeletal deformities in wild and farmed cleaner fish species used in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar aquaculture.

As a first attempt to assess bone health in cleaner fish production, wild and cultured ballan wrasse Labrus bergylta and lumpfish Cyclopterus lumpus were examined by radiology. In C. lumpus, wild fish (57%) had more vertebra deformities (≥1 deformed vertebrae) than cultured fish (2-16%).

Triploid Atlantic salmon Salmo salar have a higher dietary phosphorus requirement for bone mineralization during early development.

The effect of a dietary phosphorus regime in freshwater on vertebra bone mineralization was assessed in diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. Fish were fed either a low phosphorus (LP) diet containing 10.5 g kg total phosphorus or a normal phosphorus (NP) diet containing 17.

Effect of cleaner fish on sea lice in Norwegian salmon aquaculture: a national scale data analysis.

The salmon aquaculture industry has adopted the use of invertivorous 'cleaner fishes' (CF) for biological control of sea louse infestations on farmed salmon. At present, ~50 million CF are used annually in Norway alone, with variable success in experimental and industrial contexts. We used a national scale database of louse counts, delousing treatments and CF stocking events on Norwegian salmon farms to test for evidence of CF efficacy at 488 sites that completed a grow-out cycle within 2016-2018.

Differential effects of internal tagging depending on depth treatment in Atlantic salmon: a cautionary tale for aquatic animal tag use.

Electronic tags are widespread tools for studying aquatic animal behavior; however, tags risk behavioral manipulation and negative welfare outcomes. During an experiment to test behavioral differences of Atlantic salmon in different aquaculture cage types, including ones expected to elicit deeper swimming behavior, we found negative tagging effects depending on whether cages were depth-modified. In the experiment, data storage tags implanted in Atlantic salmon tracked their depth behavior and survival in unmodified sea-cages and depth-modified sea-cages that forced fish below or into a narrow seawater- or freshwater-filled snorkel tube from a 4 m net roof to the surface.

Snorkel sea-cage technology decreases salmon louse infestation by 75% in a full-cycle commercial test.

Methods to prevent parasite infestations in farmed fish are becoming widespread, yet tests of their effectiveness often lack commercial relevance and statistical power, which may lead to technology misuse. Here, we examined salmon louse infestation on Atlantic salmon in triplicate commercial snorkel louse barrier and standard cages over a 12 month production cycle. Barrier cages reduced newly settling lice on Atlantic salmon by 75%, with variability in parasite reduction over time depending upon environmental variables.

Repeated sublethal freshwater exposures reduce the amoebic gill disease parasite, Neoparamoeba perurans, on Atlantic salmon.

Freshwater bathing is one of the main treatment options available against amoebic gill disease (AGD) affecting multiple fish hosts in mariculture systems. Prevailing freshwater treatments are designed to be long enough to kill Neoparamoeba perurans, the ectoparasite causing AGD, which may select for freshwater tolerance. Here, we tested whether using shorter, sublethal freshwater treatment durations are a viable alternative to lethal ones for N.

Consistent melanophore spot patterns allow long-term individual recognition of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar.

The present study shows that permanent melanophore spot patterns in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar make it possible to use images of the operculum to keep track of individual fish over extended periods of their life history. Post-smolt S. salar (n = 246) were initially photographed at an average mass of 98 g and again 10 months later after rearing in a sea cage, at an average mass of 3088 g.

Lowering treatment temperature reduces salmon mortality: a new way to treat with hydrogen peroxide in aquaculture.

Background: Hydrogen peroxide (H O ) baths are widely used to reduce numbers of salmon lice on farmed Atlantic salmon. Fish mortalities often occur after baths, with warmer temperatures increasing lethality. We tested whether mortality could be reduced and lice removal efficacy maintained by lowering bath temperatures relative to ambient temperatures.

'Snorkel' lice barrier technology reduced two co- occurring parasites, the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) and the amoebic gill disease causing agent (Neoparamoeba perurans), in commercial salmon sea-cages.

Diverse chemical-free parasite controls are gaining status in Atlantic salmon sea-cage farming. Yet, the intricacies of their use at commercial scale, including effects on co-occurring parasites, are seldom reported. A new salmon lice prevention method involves installing a deep net roof and 'snorkel' lice barrier in cages to shelter salmon from free-living infective larvae which concentrate at shallow depths, and allows salmon to jump and re- inflate their buoyancy-regulating swim bladder by swallowing air.