Parasitoids reared from predators of hemlock woolly adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), and the hymenopterous parasitoid community on western hemlock in the Pacific Northwest.

In western North America, infestations of the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), are common on orchard, ornamental, and roadside western hemlock, Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sargent. However, these infestations rarely cause T.

Predators associated with the hemlock woolly adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) in the Pacific Northwest.

The hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), is causing widespread mortality of eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis L. Carrière, in the eastern United States. In western North America, feeding by A.

The direct activation of MIK, a germinal center kinase (GCK)-like kinase, by MARK, a maize atypical receptor kinase, suggests a new mechanism for signaling through kinase-dead receptors.

Signaling by receptor protein kinases (RPKs) involves their dimerization and transphosphorylation. However, atypical RPKs with kinase-defective domains have been described recently. Some of them are essential for proper signaling in animal systems, although the precise mechanism involved is unknown in most cases.

Maize C4 and non-C4 NADP-dependent malic enzymes are encoded by distinct genes derived from a plastid-localized ancestor.

NADP-dependent malic enzymes (NADP-ME; EC1.1.1.

TM20, a gene coding for a new class of transmembrane proteins expressed in the meristematic tissues of maize.

In the course of the analysis of lachrima, a recessive, defective kernel, embryo-lethal mutation in Zea mays that alters embryo and endosperm development, a gene coding for a new class of transmembrane proteins was isolated. The mutant was produced by Ac transposon tagging, and a gene located in the insertion region of the transposon was isolated as well as the corresponding cDNA. The predicted protein contains twenty hydrophobic segments that can be grouped in five repeats formed by four segments that fulfill the criteria for membrane spanning domains, and for this reason the gene has been named TM20.

Is host plant choice by a clytrine leaf beetle mediated through interactions with the ant Crematogaster lineolata?

In the grasslands of northeastern Kansas, adult populations of Anomoea flavokansiensis, an oligophagous leaf beetle (subfamily Clytrinae), specialize on Illinois bundleflower (Desmanthus illinoensis) even though other reported host species commonly occur and are simultaneously available. We performed choice feeding tests to examine whether A. flavokansiensis adults have a fixed feeding preference for bundleflower.

Characterization of the sequence coding for the clathrin coat assembly protein AP17 (sigma2) associated with the plasma membrane from Zea mays and constitutive expression of its gene.

The cDNA and genomic sequences coding for the clathrin coat assembly protein AP17 (sigma2) from maize and its corresponding mRNA accumulation have been analyzed. This protein in yeast and mammals has been shown to be part of the associated protein (AP) complex of clathrin in the plasma membrane. The availability of this sequence as well as a previous AP19 in a plant allows one to propose that specific AP complexes exist in plants in the Golgi complex and in the plasma membrane.

A new Arabidopsis nucleic-acid-binding protein gene is highly expressed in dividing cells during development.

An Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA encoding a new RNA-binding protein (RBP37) was cloned from a silique cDNA library. The predicted amino acid sequence corresponds to a RBP containing two RNA recognition motifs (RRM) and a basic domain. An affinity for nucleic acids was confirmed in binding assays using in vitro synthesised AtRBP37 protein.

Expression of class I O-methyltransferase in healthy and TMV-infected tobacco.

Tobacco possesses two distinct classes of O-methyltransferases (OMTs; S-adenosyl-L-methionine:o-diphenol O-methyltransferases; EC 2.1.1.

The maize caffeic acid O-methyltransferase gene promoter is active in transgenic tobacco and maize plant tissues.

The pattern of expression directed by the promoter of the maize caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene was studied by histochemical and fluorometric beta-glucuronidase (GUS) analysis in transgenic maize and tobacco plants. The COMT promoter directs GUS expression to the xylem and the other tissues undergoing lignification, and it responds to wounding and to elicitors. In transgenic maize plants, expression of GUS corresponds to the pattern of expression of the endogenous COMT gene as determined by northern analysis and in situ hybridization.

Molecular characterization of the gene coding for GPRP, a class of proteins rich in glycine and proline interacting with membranes in Arabidopsis thaliana.

The gene coding for a new class of proteins rich in glycine and proline (GPRP) was cloned in Arabidopsis thaliana. In the protein sequence, five amino acids - glycine, proline, alanine, tyrosine and histidine - account for 79.4% of the total composition.

Molecular cloning and pattern of expression of an alpha-L-fucosidase gene from pea seedlings.

alpha-L-Fucosidase is a cell wall protein purified from pea (Pisum sativum) epicotyls. The alpha-L-fucosidase hydrolyzes terminal fucosyl residues from oligosaccharides of plant cell wall xyloglucan. alpha-L-Fucosidase may be an important factor in plant growth regulation, as it inactivates fucose-containing xyloglucan oligosaccharides that inhibit growth of pea stem segments.

Accumulation of cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein mRNA is an early event in maize embryo cell differentiation.

The accumulation of the mRNA coding for a hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein (HRGP), an abundant component of the wall from the cells of vegetative tissues, has been observed in maize embryo by in situ hybridization. The HRGP mRNA accumulates in the embryo axis and not in the scutellum and preferentially in dividing and provascular cells. The histone H4 mRNA is distributed in similar tissues but is restricted to defined groups of cells, indicating that these two gene products have a different steady-state level of accumulation during the cell cycle.

Expression of a maize cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein gene in early leaf and root vascular differentiation.

The spatial pattern of expression for a maize gene encoding a hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein (HRGP) was determined by in situ hybridization. During normal development of roots and leaves, the expression of the gene was transient and particularly high in regions initiating vascular elements and associated sclerenchyma. Its expression was also associated with the differentiation of vascular elements in a variety of other tissues.

Expression of genes for cell-wall proteins in dividing and wounded tissues ofZea mays L.

Hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs) fromZea mays have been immunolocalized in the cell wall of root tip cells using ultrathin sections and antibodies ellicited against the purified protein. The accumulation of mRNA corresponding to this protein was studied using the cDNA probe. Maximum accumulation of the mRNA was found in tissues with a high proportion of dividing cells such as those in the root tip of young maize seedlings and a close relationship with cellular division was also observed in in-vitro cultures.

Phospholipid transfer protein: full-length cDNA and amino acid sequence in maize. Amino acid sequence homologies between plant phospholipid transfer proteins.

We have determined the primary structure of a phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) isolated from maize seeds. This protein consists of 93 amino acids and shows internal homology originating in the repetition of (do)decapeptides. By using antibodies against maize PLTP, we have isolated from a cDNA library one positive clone (6B6) which corresponds to the incomplete nucleotide sequence.

Molecular cloning of cDNAs encoding a putative cell wall protein from Zea mays and immunological identification of related polypeptides.

Copy DNAs corresponding to a highly repetitive, proline-rich protein from maize have been cloned by differential screening of a coleoptile cDNA library. The deduced amino acid sequence contains a single repetitive element of carrot extensin (Ser-Pro-Pro-Pro-Pro). The related mRNAs have a defined distribution in tissues of the plant and are accumulated mainly in the coleoptile node and root tip.