"There's absolutely no downside to this, I mean, except community opposition:" A qualitative study of the acceptability of vending machines for harm reduction.

Background: Vending machines for harm reduction (VMHR) are an innovative approach to deliver life-saving materials, information, and treatment for hard-to-reach populations, particularly for persons who inject drugs. The current study explores stakeholders' perspectives on the feasibility and acceptability of VMHR in Philadelphia.

Methods: From October 2021 to February 2022, we conducted 31 semi-structured interviews with potential end users, staff, and leadership at a local federally qualified health center, and community members.

A case of Eagle syndrome with a marked elongation of the styloid process; investigating its relation to ankylotic spondylitis.

Eagle syndrome is characterized by the presence of an abnormally elongated styloid process and has been related to different etiologies, including enthesitis, a known feature of spondyloarthropathies. We are describing a case of marked elongation of the styloid process in a patient with pre-existing ankylosing spondylitis and associated enthesopathy.

Associations between greenness and kidney disease in Massachusetts: The US Medicare longitudinal cohort study.

Background: Recent studies have identified the association of environmental stressors with reduced kidney function and the development of kidney disease. While residential greenness has been linked to many health benefits, the association between residential greenness and the development of kidney disease is not clear. We aimed to investigate the association between residential greenness and the development of kidney disease.

Towards nutrient neutrality: A review of agricultural runoff mitigation strategies and the development of a decision-making framework.

Nutrient runoff from agriculture practices poses a significant risk to waterway health and can have long-lasting and complex implications for the environment, ecosystems, and the human population. Consequently, a systematic quantitative literature review (SQLR) was conducted to identify different nutrient runoff mitigation strategies (NRMS) that are currently used globally to prevent or remediate environmental damage from excessive agricultural fertilisation. Empirical data on the outcomes from various NRMS from the reviewed studies were used to evaluate the strategies based on environmental benefit, implementation cost, and practicality perspectives.

Long-read HiFi sequencing correctly assembles repetitive silk genes in new moth and caddisfly genomes.

Insect silk is a versatile biomaterial. Lepidoptera and Trichoptera display some of the most diverse uses of silk, with varying strength, adhesive qualities, and elastic properties. Silk fibroin genes are long (>20 Kbp), with many repetitive motifs that make them challenging to sequence.

Tumor Mutational Burden as a Predictor of Survival with Durvalumab and/or Tremelimumab Treatment in Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Purpose: Biomarkers that predict response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC) are needed. This retrospective study assessed tumor mutational burden (TMB) and outcomes in the phase II HAWK and CONDOR and phase III EAGLE studies of durvalumab with or without tremelimumab in platinum-resistant R/M HNSCC.

Patients And Methods: Tumor samples from HAWK/CONDOR (N = 153) and blood samples from EAGLE (N = 247) were analyzed for TMB.

A return-on-investment analysis of impacts on James Cook University medical students and rural workforce resulting from participation in extended rural placements.

Introduction: Although all James Cook University (JCU) medical students complete multiple rural placements, some undertake extended 5-10 month rural placements in their final year. This study uses return-on-investment (ROI) methodology to quantify student and rural medical workforce benefits of these 'extended placements' from 2012 to 2018.

Methods: Forty-six medical graduates were sent a survey exploring the benefits to students and to the rural workforce from participation in extended placements, as well as estimated costs to students, deadweight (how much change would have occurred without participating), and attribution (how much change was due to other experiences).

Evaluating neonicotinoid insecticide uptake by plants used as buffers and cover crops.

Runoff and drainage from fields planted with neonicotinoid-coated seeds often contain insecticides that adversely affect aquatic life and other non-target organisms. Management practices such as in-field cover cropping and edge-of-field buffer strips may reduce insecticide mobility, making it important to understand the ability of different plants used in these interventions to absorb neonicotinoids. In this greenhouse study we evaluated uptake of thiamethoxam, a commonly used neonicotinoid, in six plant species - crimson clover, fescue, oxeye sunflower, Maximillian sunflower, common milkweed, and butterfly milkweed - along with a native forb mixture and a native grass plus native forb mixture.

Prognostic modelling of clinical outcomes after first-time acute coronary syndrome in New Zealand.

Objective: The Multi-Ethnic New Zealand Study of Acute Coronary Syndromes (MENZACS) was established to investigate the drivers of secondary events after first-time acute coronary syndrome (ACS), including addressing inequitable outcomes by ethnicity. Herein, the first clinical outcomes and prognostic modelling approach are reported.

Methods: First, in 28 176 New Zealanders with first-time ACS from a national registry, a clinical summary score for predicting 1-year death/cardiovascular readmission was created using Cox regression of 20 clinical variables.

The effects of hypocalcemia in severely injured pediatric trauma patients.

Introduction: The role of calcium is ubiquitous in human physiology. Emerging evidence suggests that the lethal triad be revised to include hypocalcemia (hypoCa) and thus be known as the lethal diamond . There are data showing that traumatic injury may result in hypoCa independent from the mechanism of calcium chelation by citrate-based blood preservatives.

Feedback from the 8th European Bioanalysis Forum Young Scientist Symposium.

After 2 years of COVID-19 restrictions, the 8th Young Scientist Symposium was organized again as a face-to-face meeting covering a broad array of scientific presentations. As in the previous editions, the meeting was organized by young scientists for young scientists under the umbrella of the European Bioanalysis Forum and in collaboration with academia. The traditional Science Café was again included as an interactive round table session.

Massive left ventricular pseudoaneurysm presenting as dysphagia: a case report.

Background: Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm is a recognized, however, uncommon presentation of acute myocardial infarction in the current era. This is due to early reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm after myocardial infarction can present in a variety of ways, including heart failure, chest pain, and dyspnoea.

Material characterization of GPX: A versatile solidifying embolic platform technology.

Endovascular embolization is a minimally invasive procedure during which blood flow to targeted tissues is selectively occluded. The list of clinical indications for embolization continues to expand. Liquid embolic agents are injectable compositions that transition into a solid or semi-solid form when introduced into blood vessels.

A Scoping Review of Nonconsensual Condom Removal ("Stealthing") Research.

Nonconsensual condom removal (NCCR; also known as "stealthing") involves the removal of a condom before or during sexual intercourse without a partner's sexual consent. Within the past several years, nations across the globe have codified NCCR as a form of sexual violence penalized by civil and/or criminal penalties. Given the recent legal attention to this behavior, we performed a scoping review of the peer-reviewed, empirical, English-language studies conducted on NCCR in order to summarize the current state of this field of research.

Association between depression diagnosis and educational attainment trajectories: an historical cohort study using linked data.

Background: Depression symptoms are thought to be associated with lower educational attainment, but patterns of change in attainment among those who receive a clinical diagnosis of depression at any point during childhood and adolescence remain unclear.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of an existing data linkage between a national educational dataset (National Pupil Database) and pseudonymised electronic health records (Clinical Record Interactive Search) from a large mental healthcare provider in London, United Kingdom (2007 to 2013). A cohort of 222,027 pupils were included.

3D in vitro modelling of human patient microglia: A focus on clinical translation and drug development in neurodegenerative diseases.

Microglia have an increasingly well-recognised role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, thereby becoming attractive therapeutic targets. However, the development of microglia-targeted therapeutics for neurodegeneration has had limited success. This stems partly from the lack of clinically relevant microglia model systems.

Generation of anti-GD2 CAR macrophages from human pluripotent stem cells for cancer immunotherapies.

Macrophages armed with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) provide a potent new option for treating solid tumors. However, genetic engineering and scalable production of somatic macrophages remains significant challenges. Here, we used CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing methods to integrate an anti-GD2 CAR into the AAVS1 locus of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs).

The scaffolding function of LSD1/KDM1A reinforces a negative feedback loop to repress stem cell gene expression during primitive hematopoiesis.

Lsd1/Kdm1a functions both as a histone demethylase enzyme and as a scaffold for assembling chromatin modifier and transcription factor complexes to regulate gene expression. The relative contributions of Lsd1's demethylase and scaffolding functions during embryogenesis are not known. Here, we analyze two independent zebrafish mutant lines and show Lsd1 is required to repress primitive hematopoietic stem cell gene expression.

SpatialCorr identifies gene sets with spatially varying correlation structure.

Recent advances in spatially resolved transcriptomics technologies enable both the measurement of genome-wide gene expression profiles and their mapping to spatial locations within a tissue. A first step in spatial transcriptomics data analysis is identifying genes with expression that varies spatially, and robust statistical methods exist to address this challenge. While useful, these methods do not detect spatial changes in the coordinated expression within a group of genes.

Impact of pre-existing mental health disorders on the receipt of guideline recommended cancer treatments: A systematic review.

Objective: Disparities in cancer outcomes for individuals with pre-existing mental health disorders have already been identified, particularly for cancer screening and mortality. We aimed to systematically review the influence on the time from cancer diagnosis to cancer treatment, treatment adherence, and differences in receipt of guideline recommended cancer treatment.

Methods: We included international studies published in English from 1 January 1995 to 23 May 2022 by searching MEDLINE, Embase, and APA PsycInfo.

Move-In Fees as a Residential Sorting Mechanism Within Online Rental Markets.

An increasing number of American renters within major metropolitan housing markets rely on online platforms such as Craigslist to find rental units. Landlords that advertise rentals on these websites have been found to tailor the language used in their listings in reference to surrounding neighborhood demographics to influence prospective tenants' rental searches. This work investigates the underexplored subject of move-in fees, referring to upfront costs to secure a lease, such as security deposits, application charges, and advanced rent payments that can affect whether a prospective renter can afford an advertised unit.

Computational design of peptides to target Na1.7 channel with high potency and selectivity for the treatment of pain.

The voltage-gated sodium Na1.7 channel plays a key role as a mediator of action potential propagation in C-fiber nociceptors and is an established molecular target for pain therapy. ProTx-II is a potent and moderately selective peptide toxin from tarantula venom that inhibits human Na1.

Assessing machine learning for fair prediction of ADHD in school pupils using a retrospective cohort study of linked education and healthcare data.

Objectives: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent childhood disorder, but often goes unrecognised and untreated. To improve access to services, accurate predictions of populations at high risk of ADHD are needed for effective resource allocation. Using a unique linked health and education data resource, we examined how machine learning (ML) approaches can predict risk of ADHD.