The Effect of Trait and State Disgust on Fear of God and Sin.

There is a growing literature suggesting disgust plays a major role in religiosity. However, the relationships between specific domains of disgust sensitivity and general religious fundamentalism or religious scrupulosity remains unknown and a lack of experimental data prevents the drawing of causal inferences about the potential effects of disgust on religiosity. Two studies are reported that examined the relationship between specific types of disgust sensitivity (i.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Exosomes Promote Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Infection via the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor.

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the causal agent for Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), the most common malignancy in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS. The oral cavity is a major route for KSHV infection and transmission. However, how KSHV breaches the oral epithelial barrier for spreading to the body is not clear.

A novel next generation sequencing approach to improve sarcoma diagnosis.

Sarcoma is a rare disease affecting both bone and connective tissue and with over 100 pathologic entities, differential diagnosis can be difficult. Complementing immune-histological diagnosis with current ancillary diagnostic techniques, including FISH and RT-PCR, can lead to inconclusive results in a significant number of cases. We describe here the design and validation of a novel sequencing tool to improve sarcoma diagnosis.

Competing risks analysis of the association between perioperative blood transfusion and long-term outcomes after resection of colorectal cancer.

Aim: Despite numerous reports over three decades, the association between perioperative blood transfusion and long-term outcomes after resection of colorectal cancer remains controversial. This cohort study used competing risks statistical methods to examine the association between transfusion and recurrence and colorectal cancer-specific death after potentially curative and noncurative resection.

Method: A hospital database provided prospectively recorded clinical, operative and follow-up information.

Microbial growth rates and local external mass transfer coefficients in a porous bed biofilm system measured by F magnetic resonance imaging of structure, oxygen concentration, and flow velocity.

F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) oximetry and H NMR velocimetry were used to noninvasively map oxygen concentrations and hydrodynamics in space and time in a model packed bed biofilm system in the presence and absence of flow. The development of a local oxygen sink associated with a single gel bead inoculated with respiring Escherichia coli was analyzed with a phenomenological model to determine the specific growth rate of the bacteria in situ, returning a value (0.66 hr ) that was close to that measured independently in planktonic culture (0.

Vitamin D deficiency is endemic in neurosurgical patients and is associated with a longer length of inpatient stay.

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency is common in spinal surgery and critical care. Hypovitaminosis D may impact on outcomes in cranial neurosurgical care and play roles in underlying disease processes.

Methods: A prospective observational cohort study was performed.

Diesel exhaust and bladder cancer risk by pathologic stage and grade subtypes.

Background: The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies diesel engine exhaust as carcinogenic to humans based on sufficient evidence for lung cancer. IARC noted, however, an increased risk of bladder cancer (based on limited evidence).

Objective: To evaluate the association between quantitative, lifetime occupational diesel exhaust exposure and risk of urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder (UBC) overall and according to pathological subtypes.

Positive impacts of changes to a tertiary hospital after-hours endocrine and diabetes on-call service.

Aim: To examine the impact of changes to the endocrine/diabetes after-hours service model of care at a major tertiary children's hospital in Australia. The model aimed to enhance the independence of families and reduce dependency on after-hours calls to health professionals.

Methods: The after-hours activity was captured prospectively using an iPad with a customised FileMaker database.

Fine tuning of the default depth and rate of ablation of the epithelium in customized trans-epithelial one-step superficial refractive excimer laser ablation.

Purpose: To fine tune the default depth and rate of ablation of the epithelium in cTen™ customized trans-epithelial one-step superficial refractive surgery by the comparison between the attempted post-operative ideal corneal shape and the achieved corneal shape.

Methods: 88 consecutive eyes in 64 patients undergoing trans-epithelial superficial excimer ablation using the iVis laser Suite for either myopic/astigmatic or hyperopic/astigmatic refractive error. Each patient had at least 3 months of post-operative follow-up.

Probe Cocktail to Assess Transporter Function in Sandwich-Cultured Human Hepatocytes.

Purpose: Probe substrates are used routinely to assess transporter function in vitro. Administration of multiple probe substrates together as a "cocktail" in sandwich-cultured human hepatocytes (SCHH) could increase the throughput of transporter function assessment in a physiologically-relevant in vitro system. This study was designed to compare transporter function between cocktail and single agent administration in SCHH.

Use of Natural Antioxidants from Newfoundland Wild Berries to Improve the Shelf Life of Natural Herbal Soaps.

Antioxidants are important bio-regulators and suppressors of oxidation and are useful in enhancing the shelf life of consumer products. Formulated natural herbal soaps contain ingredients with antioxidant activities, but it is unknown how this influences shelf life. Herein, we evaluated whether natural additives or wild berry extracts were effective in improving the quality of natural herbal soaps.

Medication Non-adherence in a Prospective, Multi-center Cohort Treated with Hepatitis C Direct-Acting Antivirals.

Background: The prevalence and risk factors for non-adherence to direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) in clinical practice settings are under-studied.

Objectives: (1) To quantify DAA non-adherence in the total cohort and among subgroups with and without mental health conditions, alcohol use, and substance use, and (2) to investigate patient- and treatment-level risk factor non-adherence.

Design: Prospective, observational cohort study.

Incidence and risk factors of non-device-associated pneumonia in an acute-care hospital.

Objective: To update current estimates of non-device-associated pneumonia (ND pneumonia) rates and their frequency relative to ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), and identify risk factors for ND pneumonia.

Design: Cohort study.

Setting: Academic teaching hospital.

Dataset of the volatile compounds detected in unmarinated and marinated grilled ruminant meats with novel unfiltered beer-based marinades to improve their nutritional quality, safety, and sensory perception.

The objective of this data in brief article is to present the associated data set regarding the published paper Novel unfiltered beer-based marinades to improve the nutritional quality, safety, and sensory perception of grilled ruminant meats in Food Chemistry [1]. Grilling is a popular cooking method; however, the high temperatures required can modify grilled meat quality and safety. In this data set, we include 5 tables containing the volatile composition of unmarinated and marinated grilled ruminant meat (beef and moose).

Antimicrobial Activity of Naturally Occurring Phenols and Derivatives Against Biofilm and Planktonic Bacteria.

Biofilm-forming bacteria present formidable challenges across diverse settings, and there is a need for new antimicrobial agents that are both environmentally acceptable and relatively potent against microorganisms in the biofilm state. The antimicrobial activity of three naturally occurring, low molecular weight, phenols, and their derivatives were evaluated against planktonic and biofilm and . The structure activity relationships of eugenol, thymol, carvacrol, and their corresponding 2- and 4-allyl, 2-methallyl, and 2- and 4--propyl derivatives were evaluated.

α-Defensin HD5 Stabilizes Capsid/Core Interactions.

Background: (HPV) is linked to nearly all cases of cervical cancer. Despite available vaccines, a deeper understanding of the immune response to HPV is needed. Human α-defensin 5 (HD5), an innate immune effector peptide, blocks infection of multiple sero-types of HPV, including high-risk HPV16.

Systematic evaluation of PAXgene® tissue fixation for the histopathological and molecular study of lung cancer.

Whilst adequate for most existing pathological tests, formalin is generally considered a poor DNA preservative and use of alternative fixatives may prove advantageous for molecular testing of tumour material; an increasingly common approach to identify targetable driver mutations in lung cancer patients. We collected paired PAXgene® tissue-fixed and formalin-fixed samples of block-sized tumour and lung parenchyma, Temno-needle core tumour biopsies and fine needle tumour aspirates (FNAs) from non-small cell lung cancer resection specimens. Traditionally processed formalin fixed paraffin wax embedded (FFPE) samples were compared to paired PAXgene® tissue fixed paraffin-embedded (PFPE) samples.

Direct Microscopic Observation of Human Neutrophil-Staphylococcus aureus Interaction Suggests a Potential Mechanism for Initiation of Biofilm Infection on an Implanted Medical Device.

The ability of human neutrophils to clear newly attached bacteria from a serum-coated glass surface was examined using time-lapse confocal scanning laser microscopy. Quantitative image analysis was used to measure the temporal change in bacterial biomass, neutrophil motility, and fraction of the surface area policed by neutrophils. In control experiments in which the surface was inoculated with bacteria but no neutrophils were added, prolific bacterial growth was observed.

The impact of alternative historical extrapolations of diesel exhaust exposure and radon in the Diesel Exhaust in Miners Study (DEMS).

Background: Previous results from the Diesel Exhaust in Miners Study (DEMS) demonstrated a positive exposure-response relation between lung cancer and respirable elemental carbon (REC), a key surrogate for diesel exhaust exposure. Two issues have been raised regarding DEMS: (i) the use of historical carbon monoxide (CO) measurements to calibrate models used for estimating historical exposures to REC in the DEMS exposure assessment; and (ii) potential confounding by radon.

Methods: We developed alternative REC estimates using models that did not rely on CO for calibration, but instead relied on estimated use of diesel equipment, mine ventilation rates and changes in diesel engine emission rates over time.

Droplet Core Intermolecular Interactions and Block Copolymer Composition Heavily Influence Oil-In-Water Nanoemulsion Stability.

Colloidal oil-in-water nanoemulsions are gaining increasing interest as a nanoparticle delivery system because of their large oil droplet core that can carry a large payload. In order to formulate these particles with long-term stability, an appropriate oil media and block copolymer pair must be selected. The interaction between the nanoemulsion core and the polymer shell is critical to forming stable nanoparticles.

Estimation of Source-Specific Occupational Benzene Exposure in a Population-Based Case-Control Study of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Objectives: Occupational exposures in population-based case-control studies are increasingly being assessed using decision rules that link participants' responses to occupational questionnaires to exposure estimates. We used a hierarchical process that incorporated decision rules and job-by-job expert review to assign occupational benzene exposure estimates in a US population-based case-control study of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Methods: We conducted a literature review to identify scenarios in which occupational benzene exposure has occurred, which we grouped into 12 categories of benzene exposure sources.