Internal consistency and reliability of the lifetime and modified current cognitive activity questionnaires and their association with cognitive performance: a six-year follow up of the Brain in Motion study.

Introduction: Cognitive activity questionnaires could provide insight into neurocognitive reserve. The Lifetime Cognitive Activities Questionnaire (LCAQ) assesses cognitive activities at four stages of life. The Modified Current Cognitive Activities Questionnaire (CCAQ) assesses current cognitive activities.

The relationship of small vessel disease burden on cerebral and regional brain atrophy rates and cognitive performance over one year of follow-up after transient ischemic attack.

Background: Stroke, even when minor, increases the risk of dementia. We aimed to determine whether patients with transient ischaemic attack (TIA) exhibit higher rates of cerebral and regional atrophy 1-year after first stroke symptoms and evaluate the relationship with small vessel disease and cognitive performance.

Methods: TIA patients and controls without cognitive symptoms underwent high-resolution T1-weighted MRI and cognitive testing at baseline and 1-year.

Arterial spin labelling reveals multi-regional cerebral hypoperfusion in patients with transient ischemic attack that are unrelated to ischemia location: A proof-of-concept study.

Background And Aims: Patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) have a substantially increased risk of early dementia. In this exploratory study, we aim to determine whether patients with TIA have 1) measurable regional cerebral hypoperfusion unrelated to the location of ischemia, and 2) determine the relationship of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with their cognitive profiles.

Methods: Patients with TIA ( = 49) and seventy-nine ( = 79) age and sex matched controls underwent formal neuropsychological testing and MRI.

The Brain in Motion II Study: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial of an aerobic exercise intervention for older adults at increased risk of dementia.

Background: There remains no effective intervention capable of reversing most cases of dementia. Current research is focused on prevention by addressing risk factors that are shared between cardiovascular disease and dementia (e.g.

Genetic Risk, Vascular Function, and Subjective Cognitive Complaints Predict Objective Cognitive Function in Healthy Older Adults: Results From the Brain in Motion Study.

Aging is associated with subjective memory complaints. Approximately half of those with subjective memory complaints have objective cognitive impairment. Previous studies have provided evidence of an association between genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia progression.

Aerobic exercise improves cognition and cerebrovascular regulation in older adults.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that aerobic exercise is associated with improvements in cognition and cerebrovascular regulation, we enrolled 206 healthy low-active middle-aged and older adults (mean ± SD age 65.9 ± 6.4 years) in a supervised 6-month aerobic exercise intervention and assessed them before and after the intervention.

: Mood, Cognition and Fatigue following Stroke, 6th edition update 2019.

The 2019 update of the is a comprehensive set of evidence-based guidelines addressing three important issues that can negatively impact the lives of people who have had a stroke. These include post-stroke depression and anxiety, vascular cognitive impairment, and post-stroke fatigue. Following stroke, approximately 20% to 50% of all persons may be affected by at least one of these conditions.

Aerobic exercise increases cortisol awakening response in older adults.

Evidence from both preclinical and clinical studies suggests aerobic exercise may dampen age-related decline in cognitive performance. Alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function and reactivity may be a mechanism by which aerobic exercise benefits cognitive performance, and reduces perceived stress. This investigation was completed as an ancillary investigation of the Brain in Motion (BIM) study, a 6-month supervised aerobic exercise intervention.

Knowing What We Don't Know: Long-Term Psychiatric Outcomes following Adult Concussion in Sports.

Objective: Amidst a growing concern regarding concussion in sports, there is an emerging link between sport concussion and mental health outcomes. This review summarizes the current literature addressing long-term psychiatric sequelae associated with sport concussion in adults.

Method: Several databases were searched using a broad list of keywords for each of concussion, sports, and mental health, with a resultant 311 studies for initial review.

The Attention Network Test-Interaction (ANT-I): reliability and validity in healthy older adults.

The Attention Network Test (ANT) is a frequently used computer-based tool for measuring the three attention networks (alerting, orienting, and executive control). We examined the psychometric properties of performance on a variant of the ANT, the Attention Network Test-Interaction (ANT-I) in healthy older adults (N = 173; mean age = 65.4, SD = 6.

Association between Lifetime Physical Activity and Cognitive Functioning in Middle-Aged and Older Community Dwelling Adults: Results from the Brain in Motion Study.

To determine if total lifetime physical activity (PA) is associated with better cognitive functioning with aging and if cerebrovascular function mediates this association. A sample of 226 (52.2% female) community dwelling middle-aged and older adults (66.

Cognitive impairment associated with carcinoid syndrome.

Objectives: To evaluate the cognitive performance of patients with carcinoid syndrome (CS) compared with population norms and cancer patients with non-neuroendocrine (non-NET) liver metastases.

Background: The release of serotonin into the systemic circulation from metastatic small bowel neuroendocrine tumors (SB NET) causes CS. Many patients with CS followed in a multidisciplinary NET clinic seemed to exhibit a unique cognitive impairment.

The brain-in-motion study: effect of a 6-month aerobic exercise intervention on cerebrovascular regulation and cognitive function in older adults.

Background: Aging and physical inactivity are associated with declines in some cognitive domains and cerebrovascular function, as well as an elevated risk of cerebrovascular disease and other morbidities. With the increase in the number of sedentary older Canadians, promoting healthy brain aging is becoming an increasingly important population health issue. Emerging research suggests that higher levels of physical fitness at any age are associated with better cognitive functioning and this may be mediated, at least in part, by improvements in cerebrovascular reserve.

Cerebrovascular reserve: the link between fitness and cognitive function?

Better physical fitness in later life is associated positively with cognitive functioning. Novel data suggest that this association is mediated, in part, by increases in brain perfusion and the ability of cerebral blood vessels to respond to demand. This review presents evidence on the beneficial effects of exercise on cerebrovascular and cognitive health with aging and explores potential underlying vascular-related mechanisms.

Some supplementary methods for the analysis of WAIS-IV index scores in neuropsychological assessment.

Objectives: To develop supplementary methods for the analysis of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) in neuropsychological assessment.

Design And Methods: Psychometric.

Results: The following methods are made available: (a) provision of traditional confidence intervals (CIs) on index scores, (b) expression of the endpoints of CIs as percentile ranks; (c) quantification of the number of abnormally low index scores exhibited by a case and accompanying estimate of the percentage of the normative population expected to exhibit at least this number of low scores; (d) quantification of the reliability and abnormality of index score deviations from an individual's index score mean (thereby offering an alternative to the pairwise approach to index score comparisons available in the WAIS-IV manual); (e) provision of CIs on an individual's deviation scores or pairwise difference scores, (f) estimation of the percentage of the normative population expected to exhibit at least as many abnormal deviations or abnormal pairwise differences as a case; and (g) calculation of a case's Mahalanobis distance index (MDI), thereby providing a multivariate estimate of the overall abnormality of an index score profile.

Contribution of physical fitness, cerebrovascular reserve and cognitive stimulation to cognitive function in post-menopausal women.

Unlabelled: Studies of the effects of physical fitness on cognition suggest that exercise can improve cognitive abilities in healthy older adults, as well as delay the onset of age-related cognitive decline. The mechanisms for the positive benefit of exercise and how these effects interact with other variables known to influence cognitive function (e.g.

Impairment of cognitive function reported by patients suffering from carcinoid syndrome.

Background: Carcinoid syndrome (CS) is characterized by symptoms of diarrhea, flushing, bronchospasm, and valvular heart disease. It has been our impression that patients with CS also exhibit features of cognitive impairment. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate if symptoms of cognitive impairment were reported by patients with CS.

Effects of cardiorespiratory fitness and cerebral blood flow on cognitive outcomes in older women.

The mechanisms by which aerobic fitness confers beneficial effects on cognition with aging are unclear but may involve cerebrovascular adaptations. In a cross-sectional study of women from the community (n=42; age range=50-90 years), we sought to determine whether physical fitness is associated with higher cerebrovascular function, and its relationship to cognition. Main outcome measures included resting cerebral blood flow, cerebrovascular reserve, physical fitness (i.

WAIS-III percentile scores by education and sex for U.S. and Canadian populations.

Tables are presented for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition (WAIS-III) IQ and index scores by education level for both the U.S. and Canadian normative samples.

Values for comparison of WAIS-III index scores with overall means.

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale--Third Edition (WAIS-III; Wechsler, 1997b) provides factor-based index scores but allows only for pairwise comparison of these scores, producing inflated Type I error rates and reducing profile interpretability. This article provides tables for simultaneous comparison to the overall mean index score, thus reducing error rates and aiding interpretation. The Working Memory Index or Processing Speed Index can also be specifically compared when an individual is believed to have a condition, such as a learning disability or traumatic brain injury, associated with the selective depression of these indexes.