Red-winged blackbird predation on periodical cicadas (Cicadidae: Magicicada spp.): bird behavior and cicada responses.

Predation by red-winged blackbirds Agelaius phoeniceus L. on 13-year periodical cicadas (Magicicada spp.) and reactions by periodical cicadas to predators were studied during emergence of Brood XIX during summer of 1985 in northwestern Arkansas (USA).

Proton imaging for medical applications.

In order to demonstrate the potential advantages of proton imaging for medical use, a 205-MeV proton beam was developed using the Argonne National Laboratory Booster I synchrotron. Data were taken using a narrow scanning beam and an electronic detector system. The dose reduction and an improved mass resulution over the radiographs.

Derangement of neuronal migration in a child with multiple congenital anomalies, two congenital neoplasms, without apparent chromosomal abnormalities.

A live-born male infant with multiple severe abnormalities, two congenital neoplasms, a neuroblastoma and nephroblastoma, and without apparent chromosomal abnormalities, is described. The neuropathologic findings were a holoprosencephalic type defect with disturbance of neuronal migration to the cortical plate. Comparison of the overall findings with cases presenting similar multiple congenital abnormalities indicates that this case either demonstrates previously unrecognized features of these syndromes, or is unique.

Are x-rays the ultimate? Proton (heavy ion) radiography in neurologic diagnosis.

Radiations other than those of the electromagnetic spectrum or of sound may be used for neurologic diagnosis. These consist of beams of sub-atomic particles, particularly of protons and other heavy ions. With these beams radiographs of unusually high contrast are obtained for the visualization and differentiation of the soft body tissues at very low doses (down to approximately two orders of magnitude less than with x-rays).

Establishment of a beam line at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory for proton radiography.

A proton beam is extracted from the 200-MeV linear accelerator at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory to investigate the efficacy of proton radiography in medical diagnosis. Fluence rates from 2 X 10(3) to 2 X 10(5) protons/cm2s over a 28-cm diameter field are obtained with a full width at half-maximum beam-energy spread of less than 3.61 MeV.

Proton beam radiography in tumor detection.

Monoenergetic protons are highly sensitive to density variations and are capable of giving radiographs of very high contrast. As an initial step in exploring their diagnostic potential, protons with energies of 160 million electron volts are used in "contact radiography" on tumor-bearing human brain specimens. The proton radiographs are compared with x-radiographs taken under identical specimen conditions.