The location of sites and effect of semiconductor diode trans-scleral cyclophotocoagulation on the buphthalmic equine globe.

Purpose: To determine appropriate location and energy settings for trans-scleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCPC) for buphthalmic equine globes.

Animals: Eleven horses with a buphthalmic eye blinded by glaucoma presented for enucleation.

Methods: Globe and corneal dimensions were measured via ultrasonography and calipers, and TSCPC was performed under general anesthesia immediately prior to enucleation.

Accuracy of computed tomography in determining lesion size in canine appendicular osteosarcoma.

Multidetector contrast enhanced computed tomography with acquisition of 0.625-mm thick transverse images was used to measure the extent of appendicular osteosarcoma in 10 dogs. The measured length of tumor based on CT was compared to the true length of tumor using histopathology.

Fractures in regions of adaptive modeling and remodeling of central tarsal bones in racing Greyhounds.

Objective: To evaluate and compare bone modeling and remodeling in fractured and non-fractured central tarsal bones (CTBs) of racing Greyhounds.

Sample: Paired cadaveric tarsi from 6 euthanized racing Greyhounds with right CTB fractures and 6 racing Greyhounds with other nontarsal injuries.

Procedures: CTBs were dissected and fractured CTBs were reconstructed.

The long-term effects of semiconductor diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation on the normal equine eye and intraocular pressure(a).

Objective: To describe the long-term histologic and intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effects of diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCP) on the normal equine eye.

Animals: Eight normal adult horses.

Procedures: TSCP was performed in one randomly assigned eye.

Follistatin gene delivery enhances muscle growth and strength in nonhuman primates.

Antagonists of myostatin, a blood-borne negative regulator of muscle growth produced in muscle cells, have shown considerable promise for enhancing muscle mass and strength in rodent studies and could serve as potential therapeutic agents for human muscle diseases. One of the most potent of these agents, follistatin, is both safe and effective in mice, but similar tests have not been performed in nonhuman primates. To assess this important criterion for clinical translation, we tested an alternatively spliced form of human follistatin that affects skeletal muscle but that has only minimal effects on nonmuscle cells.

Effects of orthopedic implants with a polycaprolactone polymer coating containing bone morphogenetic protein-2 on osseointegration in bones of sheep.

Objective: To determine elution characteristics of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 from a polycaprolactone coating applied to orthopedic implants and determine effects of this coating on osseointegration.

Animals: 6 sheep.

Procedures: An in vitro study was conducted to determine BMP-2 elution from polycaprolactone-coated implants.

Dermal fibroblast-mediated BMP2 therapy to accelerate bone healing in an equine osteotomy model.

This study evaluated healing of equine metacarpal/metatarsal osteotomies in response to percutaneous injection of autologous dermal fibroblasts (DFbs) genetically engineered to secrete bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) or demonstrate green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene expression administered 14 days after surgery. Radiographic assessment of bone formation indicated greater and earlier healing of bone defects treated with DFb with BMP2 gene augmentation. Quantitative computed tomography and biomechanical testing revealed greater mineralized callus and torsional strength of DFb-BMP2-treated bone defects.

Influence of bone cements on bone-screw interfaces in the third metacarpal and third metatarsal bones of horses.

Objective: To compare biomechanical strength, interface quality, and effects of bone healing in bone-implant interfaces that were untreated or treated with calcium phosphate cement (Ca-cement), magnesium phosphate cement (Mg-cement), or polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) in horses.

Animals: 6 adult horses.

Procedures: 4 screw holes were created (day 0) in each third metacarpal and third metatarsal bone of 6 horses.

Extra-adrenal paraganglioma of the equine orbit: six cases.

At The Ohio State University from 1994-2006 six of seven horses evaluated for primary orbital disease were diagnosed with extra-adrenal paraganglioma (EAPG). The horses ranged in age from 14 to 24 years, with a mean of 16.8 years.

Magnetic resonance imaging of the initial active stage of equine laminitis at 4.7 T.

Equine laminitis is a severely debilitating disease. There is a poor understanding of the underlying pathophysiology, and traditional imaging modalities have limited diagnostic capacity. High field strength magnetic resonance (MR) imaging allows direct visualization of the laminae, which other modalities do not.

Results of excision of thymoma in cats and dogs: 20 cases (1984-2005).

Objective: To provide long-term follow-up information for a series of dogs and cats with invasive and noninvasive thymomas treated by excision alone.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 9 cats and 11 dogs with thymoma.

Osteogenic gene regulation and relative acceleration of healing by adenoviral-mediated transfer of human BMP-2 or -6 in equine osteotomy and ostectomy models.

This study evaluated healing of equine metatarsal osteotomies and ostectomies in response to percutaneous injection of adenoviral (Ad) bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, Ad-BMP-6, or beta-galactosidase protein vector control (Ad-LacZ) administered 14 days after surgery. Radiographic and quantitative computed tomographic assessment of bone formation indicated greater and earlier mineralized callus in both the osteotomies and ostectomies of the metatarsi injected with Ad-BMP-2 or Ad-BMP-6. Peak torque to failure and torsional stiffness were greater in osteotomies treated with Ad-BMP-2 than Ad-BMP-6, and both Ad-BMP-2- and Ad-BMP-6-treated osteotomies were greater than Ad-LacZ or untreated osteotomies.

Variation in gross and histological appearance of the canine pars flaccida.

The tympanic membrane is divided into the pars flaccida (PF) and pars tensa. Otoscopic differences in the appearance of the PF in the dog (flat vs. bulging) have been reported anecdotally.

Subchondral bone density and cartilage degeneration patterns in osteoarthritic metacarpal condyles of horses.

Objective: To evaluate and correlate patterns of subchondral bone density and articular cartilage degeneration (derived by use of gross, histologic, and computed tomographic [CT] examinations) in equine third metacarpal condyles with and without osteoarthritis.

Sample Population: 8 metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints (n = 4 horses) without osteoarthritis and 6 osteoarthritis-affected MCP joints (4).

Procedures: Horses were euthanized.

Metacarpophalangeal collateral ligament reconstruction using small intestinal submucosa in an equine model.

Xenogeneic porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) is a natural, biodegradable matrix that has been successfully used as a scaffold for repair of tissue defects. The goal of this study was to compare a collateral ligament transection surgically reconstructed with an anchored SIS ligament to a sham-operated control procedure for the correction of joint laxity using an equine model. Ten metacarpophalangeal joints from 10 horses had complete transection of the lateral collateral ligament.

Mesenchymal stem cell-mediated gene delivery of bone morphogenetic protein-2 in an articular fracture model.

In articular fractures, both bone and cartilage are injured. We tested whether stem cells transduced with bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) can promote bone and cartilage repair. Distal femoral articular osteotomies in nude rats were treated with stem cells, either wild-type or transduced with an adenoviral (Ad) BMP2.

Rodent models for the study of articular fracture healing.

The goal of this study was to document the healing time course and expression of ex vivo cell-based gene delivery in articular fracture models in the mouse and rat. Articular medial intercondylar femoral osteotomy was performed in the stifle (knee) joints of hairless immunocompetent mice and medial or lateral similar osteotomy was performed in athymic nude rats. Genetically modified cells expressing luciferase were delivered in a three-dimensional alginate matrix directly into the osteotomy site.

Effects of a magnesium adhesive cement on bone stability and healing following a metatarsal osteotomy in horses.

Objective: To compare biodegradable magnesium phosphate cement (Mg-cement), calcium phosphate cement (Ca-cement), and no cement on bone repair, biocompatibility, and bone adhesive characteristics in vivo in horses.

Animals: 8 clinically normal adult horses.

Procedures: Triangular fragments (1-cm-long arms) were created by Y-shaped osteotomy of the second and fourth metatarsal bones (MTII and MTIV, respectively).

A reproducible scoring system for quantification of histologic lesions of inflammatory disease in mouse gastric epithelium.

Comparison of experimental groups by microscopic examination is a common and useful method for evaluating animal models of disease. Quantification of lesions is challenging, however, and differences in scoring systems hinder comparison of results from different laboratories. The purpose of this study was to validate a simple and reproducible scoring system for Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric disease in mice.

Histologic effect of semiconductor diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation on the normal equine eye.

Objective: To determine the acute histologic effects of semiconductor diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCP) on the normal equine eye.

Animal Studied: Part 1: eight eyes of four horses. Part 2: 10 eyes of five horses.

Use of helical computed tomography for measurement of thyroid glands in clinically normal cats.

Objective: To determine the dimensions and volume of thyroid tissue in clinically normal cats by use of computed tomography.

Animals: 8 cats.

Procedure: Helical computed tomography images (2-mm collimation) were acquired from the cranial aspect of the second cervical vertebra through the caudal aspect of the fourth cervical vertebra.

Effects of the omega-3 fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid, on lipopolysaccharide-challenged synovial explants from horses.

Objective: To determine the effects of pretreatment with alpha-linolenic acid, an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, on equine synovial explants challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Animals: 8 mature mixed-breed horses (4 mares and 4 geldings).

Procedure: Synovial explants were assigned to receive 1 of 7 concentrations of alpha-linolenic acid, ranging from 0 to 300 microg/mL.

Ophthalmomyiasis (interna posterior) of the posterior segment and central nervous system myiasis: Cuterebra spp. in a cat.

A unilateral ophthalmomyiasis posterior in a 5-year-old female spayed Domestic Long-haired cat of a third or fourth stage instar Cuterebra spp. larvae is reported. The cat was presented for depression and anorexia.

Persistent metanephric ducts in a geriatric white tiger.

An 18-year-old male intact white Tiger (Panthera tigris) was euthanized after a clinical diagnosis of severe renal failure. Postmortem macroscopic examination of the kidneys revealed unilateral hydronephrosis with renal calculi and bilateral cortical and medullary fibrosis and papillary coagulation necrosis. Interestingly, multiple large persistent metanephric ducts were found at the corticomedullary junctions accompanied by marked interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, and lymphoplasmacytic interstitial nephritis.