Pharmacists' clinical decision making when responding to a self-medication request for a cough in a developing country.

Background: Some studies have reported that community pharmacies in developing countries, including Indonesia, provided sub-optimal advice when handling patient's self-medication request for cough. The reasons behind such advice, therefore, need to be investigated.

Objectives: To describe Indonesian pharmacists' clinical decision making when handling self-medication cases for a cough.

Potential roles of community-based pharmacists in assisting home-quarantined patients with COVID-19 in a resource-challenged setting.

Objectives: To present the experiences of community-based drug information centre (DIC) pharmacists assisting home-quarantined patients with COVID-19 in Indonesia.

Methods: A prospective case study included home-quarantined patients with suspected/confirmed COVID-19 contacting pharmacists at a DIC in Indonesia in July 2021. Patient characteristics, pharmacist interventions and outcomes were reported.

A cross-sectional assessment of Indonesian female health cadres' knowledge and attitude towards antibiotics.

Introduction: Health cadres have a key role in building awareness related to irrational antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance in Indonesia. Cadres help to bridge the gap between the shortage of health professionals and the need to reach the broader population. This study aimed to identify cadres' background, antibiotic knowledge and attitudes in an Indonesian setting.

The role of pharmacists in community education to promote responsible self-medication in Indonesia: an application of the spiral educational model.

Background Community empowerment is one key strategy to improve the health of Indonesians. In 2015, the Government initiated the 'Smart Use of Medications Campaign' to empower Indonesians to practice responsible self-medication. Analysis of a pilot training program established in 2016 identified that improvements were needed in the content and organisation of the module.