Longitudinal Outcomes of U.S. Air Force Pilot Applicants With Waivered Astigmatism.

Background: Current U.S. Air Force medical standards allow applicants to enter pilot training with up to 1.

Color Vision and Performance on Color-Coded Cockpit Displays.

Introduction: Although there are numerous studies that demonstrate that color vision deficient (CVD) individuals perform less well than color vision normal (CVN) individuals in tasks that require discrimination or identification of colored stimuli, there remains a need to quantify the relationship between the type and severity of CVD and performance on operationally relevant tasks.

Methods: Participants were classified as CVN (N = 45) or CVD (N = 49) using the Rabin cone contrast test, which is the standard color vision screening test used by the United States Air Force. In the color condition, test images that were representative of the size, shape, and color of symbols and lines used on fifth-generation fighter aircraft displays were used to measure operational performance.

Smoking in chronic rhinosinusitis: a predictor of poor long-term outcome after endoscopic sinus surgery.

Objective: This study was designed to determine whether smoking patients have poorer outcomes after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) based on a reliable validated rhinosinusitis-specific quality-of-life outcomes test.

Study Design: Retrospective chart and computed tomography (CT) review with telephone and letter questionnaire.

Methods: Charts of 230 adult patients undergoing ESS for chronic rhinosinusitis between January 1995 and December 1998 were reviewed.