Operationalizing a 3-year standalone, accelerated medical school curriculum to nurture physicians to become primary care and health system leaders.

The United States faces a shortage of primary care physicians. To address this, there have been pioneering efforts to develop accelerated pathways with a primary care focused curriculum for undergraduate medical education. The New York University Grossman Long Island School of Medicine (NYU GLISOM) was conceptualized as the first standalone, accelerated, tuition-free program in the US in over 100 years, with mission-centered curriculum on primary care and health system leadership.

Fostering student and faculty scholarship in an accelerated three-year medical school.

In acknowledgement of the importance of research competency in academic medicine, an extracurricular student research program and faculty development researcher pathway was developed to promote scholarly productivity at New York University (NYU) Long Island School of Medicine (LISOM), a three-year accelerated Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME)-accredited medical school. The aim was to enhance medical students' and faculty scholarly productivity, by creating new training programs targeting research skills and academic collaboration. Impact was assessed by initial review of the extracurricular student research program and faculty development researcher pathway.

Experiences of early graduate medical students working in New York hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed methods study.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presented the world with a sudden need for additional medical professionals. Senior medical students were identified as potential workers and many worldwide graduated early to serve as Junior Physicians in hospitals. The authors sought to identify factors that informed the decision to work, describe experiences in this capacity, and elucidate benefits for trainees.

Alanine transferase: An independent indicator of adiposity related comorbidity risk in youth.

Background: Elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) are associated with obesity and are often a consequence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between ALT and risk factors for adiposity-related co-morbidities in a diverse population of middle school children.

Methods: We measured height, weight, body fatness (bioelectrical impedance), waist circumference, insulin sensitivity, phase 1 insulin release (acute insulin response following intravenous glucose), beta-cell function (acute insulin response corrected for insulin sensitivity), ALT, lipid profiles, and circulating concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein, adiponectin, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in a multi-ethnic/racial population of 106 middle school students (aged 11-14 years, 45 female) of varying body mass indexes (BMI).

Mentoring program design and implementation in new medical schools.

Purpose: Mentoring is considered a valuable component of undergraduate medical education with a variety of programs at established medical schools. This study presents how new medical schools have set up mentoring programs as they have developed their curricula.

Methods: Administrators from 14 US medical schools established since 2006 were surveyed regarding the structure and implementation of their mentoring programs.

Effects of parental origins and length of residency on adiposity measures and nutrition in urban middle school students: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The prevalence of obesity in U.S. has been rising at an alarming rate, particularly among Hispanic, African, and Asian minority groups.

Racial/ethnic differences in clinical and biochemical type 2 diabetes mellitus risk factors in children.

Objective: To examine whether periadolescent children demonstrate the significant racial/ethnic differences in body fatness relative to BMI and in the prevalence and relationship of body composition to risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) as in adults.

Design And Methods: Family history of obesity and T2DM, anthropometry, insulin sensitivity and secretory capacity, lipids, and cytokines (IL-6, CRP, TNF-α, and adiponectin) were examined in a cohort of 994 middle school students (47% male, 53%, female; 12% African American, 14% East Asian, 13% South Asian, 9% Caucasian, 44% Hispanic, and 8% other).

Results: Fractional body fat content was significantly greater at any BMI among South Asians.

Retinol binding protein 4 is associated with adiposity-related co-morbidity risk factors in children.

Objective: In adults, elevated levels of retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) have been associated with biochemical markers of adiposity-related co-morbidities including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and abdominal obesity. This study examined the relationship between RBP4 and risk factors for co-morbidities of adiposity in a population of ethnically diverse children in early- to mid-adolescence in the public school system of New York City.

Materials/methods: We analyzed anthropometric (body mass index, % body fat, waist circumference), metabolic (lipids, glucose), and inflammatory (TNF-alpha, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, adiponectin) markers for adiposity-related co-morbidities and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in 106 school children (65 males, 41 females) 11-15 years of age (mean +/- SD = 13.

Bronchoscopic findings in children with chronic wet cough.

Objectives: Protracted bacterial bronchitis is defined as the presence of more than 4 weeks of chronic wet cough that resolves with appropriate antibiotic therapy, in the absence of alternative diagnoses. The diagnosis of protracted bacterial bronchitis is not readily accepted within the pediatric community, however, and data on the incidence of bacterial bronchitis in children are deficient. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of bacterial bronchitis in children with chronic wet cough and to analyze their bronchoscopic findings.

Vitamin D, osteocalcin, and risk for adiposity as comorbidities in middle school children.

Nonclassic actions of vitamin D include potential regulation of immune function and glucose homeostasis. The bone-metabolism loop has recently been expanded to include osteocalcin, which appears to play a more direct role in pancreatic beta cell function and energy metabolism. We hypothesized that both vitamin D and osteocalcin would correlate negatively with indices of adiposity-related comorbidity risk in periadolescents, varying by ethnic group.

Endothelial function as measured by peripheral arterial tonometry increases during pubertal advancement.

Background/aims: Sex steroids, such as estrogens, are known to influence endothelial function by their vasodilator action. The aim of this study was to study the relation of puberty and sex steroids with endothelial function using peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT).

Methods: In 89 healthy school boys and girls, we determined height, weight, waist circumference, percent body fat, BMI, BMI z-score, blood pressure (BP), BP percentiles, lipid profile, insulin, and glucose levels after overnight fast.

Paediatric experiences with work-hour limitations.

Objectives: To evaluate the perceived impact of work-hour limitations on paediatric residency training programmes and to determine the various strategies used to accommodate these restrictions.

Methods: A three-page pre-tested survey was administered to programme directors at the 2004 Association of Paediatric Programme Directors meeting. The impact of work-hours was evaluated with Likert-type questions and the methods used to meet work-hour requirements were compared between large programmes (>or=30 residents) and small programmes.

Lessons from pediatrics residency program directors' experiences with work hour limitations in New York State.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of residency work hour limitations on pediatrics residency programs in New York State, and to learn lessons that can be used nationally with the implementation of the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education's similar rules.

Method: A three-page questionnaire was mailed to all pediatrics residency program directors in New York. The questionnaire assessed methods used to accommodate the work hour limitations and perceptions of the limitations' effects.