Improving PD-1 blockade plus chemotherapy for complete remission of lung cancer by nanoPDLIM2.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and their combination with other therapies such as chemotherapy, fail in most cancer patients. We previously identified the PDZ-LIM domain-containing protein 2 (PDLIM2) as a bona fide tumor suppressor that is repressed in lung cancer to drive cancer and its chemo and immunotherapy resistance, suggesting a new target for lung cancer therapy improvement. In this study, human clinical samples and data were used to investigate genetic and epigenetic changes in lung cancer.

Phenotypic Clusters and Multimorbidity in Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome.

Objective: To perform a retrospective clinical study in order to investigate phenotypic penetrance within a large registry of patients with hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (hEDS) to enhance diagnostic and treatment guidelines by understanding associated comorbidities and improving accuracy in diagnosis.

Patients And Methods: From May 1, 2021 to July 31, 2023, 2149 clinically diagnosed patients with hEDS completed a self-reported survey focusing on diagnostic and comorbid conditions prevalence. K-means clustering was applied to analyze survey responses, which were then compared across gender groups to identify variations and gain clinical insights.

Examining Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome in Relation to Social Problem Solving in Young Adults.

Objective: Cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS), previously referred to as sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT), is characterized by symptoms such as excessive daydreaming, mental confusion, and hypoactivity. CDS symptoms are associated with emotional, social, and daily life impairments. The way in which one solves problems in their daily life is associated with experiences of further problems, such that maladaptive problem-solving can lead to further physical and psychological problems.

Critical and distinct roles of cell type-specific NF-κB2 in lung cancer.

Different from the well-studied canonical NF-κB member RelA, the role of the noncanonical NF-κB member NF-κB2 in solid tumors, and lung cancer in particular, is poorly understood. Here we report that in contrast to the tumor-promoting role of RelA, NF-κB2 intrinsic to lung epithelial and tumor cells had no marked effect on lung tumorigenesis and progression. On the other hand, NF-κB2 limited dendritic cell number and activation in the lung but protected lung macrophages and drove them to promote lung cancer through controlling activation of noncanonical and canonical NF-κB, respectively.

Predictive and diagnostic measures for kernicterus spectrum disorder: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Kernicterus spectrum disorder (KSD) resulting from neonatal hyperbilirubinemia remains a common cause of cerebral palsy worldwide. This 12-month prospective cohort study followed neonates with hyperbilirubinemia to determine which clinical measures best predict KSD.

Methods: The study enrolled neonates ≥35 weeks gestation with total serum bilirubin (TSB) ≥ 20 mg/dl admitted to Aminu Kano Hospital, Nigeria.

Improving PD-1 blockade plus chemotherapy for complete remission of lung cancer by nanoPDLIM2.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and their combination with other therapies such as chemotherapy, fail in most cancer patients. We previously identified the PDZ-LIM domain-containing protein 2 (PDLIM2) as a tumor suppressor that is repressed in lung cancer to drive cancer and its chemo and immunotherapy resistance, suggesting a new target for lung cancer therapy improvement.

Methods: Human clinical samples and data were used to investigate genetic and epigenetic changes in lung cancer.

Effect of reduced versus usual lipid emulsion dosing on bilirubin neurotoxicity and neurodevelopmental impairment in extremely preterm infants: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Bilirubin neurotoxicity (BN) occurs in premature infants at lower total serum bilirubin levels than term infants and causes neurodevelopmental impairment. Usual dose lipid infusions in preterm infants may increase free fatty acids sufficiently to cause bilirubin displacement from albumin, increasing passage of unbound bilirubin (UB) into the brain leading to BN and neurodevelopmental impairment not reliably identifiable in infancy. These risks may be influenced by whether cycled or continuous phototherapy is used to control bilirubin levels.

Ruptured arteriovenous malformation mortality: Incidence, risk factors, and inpatient outcome score.

Background: Limited literature exists on the morbidity and mortality of AVM associated intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) compared with non-AVM ICH.

Objective: We examine morbidity and mortality in cAVM in a large nationwide inpatient sample to create a prognostic inpatient ruptured AVM mortality score.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study from 2008 to 2014 compares outcomes in cAVM related hemorrhages and ICH utilizing the National Inpatient Sample database.

Effect of Reduced Versus Usual Lipid Emulsion Dosing on Bilirubin Neurotoxicity and Neurodevelopmental Impairment in Extremely Preterm Infants: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

: Bilirubin neurotoxicity ( ) occurs in premature infants at lower total serum bilirubin levels than term infants and causes neurodevelopmental impairment. Usual dose lipid infusions in preterm infants may increase free fatty acids sufficiently to cause bilirubin displacement from albumin, increasing passage of unbound bilirubin ( ) into the brain leading to BN and neurodevelopmental impairment not reliably identifiable in infancy. These risks may be influenced by whether cycled or continuous phototherapy is used to control bilirubin levels.

Real-World Outcomes of Endovascular Thrombectomy for Basilar Artery Occlusion: Results of the BArONIS Study.

Objective: To evaluate clinical outcomes of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO) using population-level data from the United States.

Methods: Weighted discharge data from the National Inpatient Sample were queried to identify adult patients with acute BAO during the period of 2015 to 2019 treated with EVT or medical management only. Complex samples statistical methods and propensity-score adjustment using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) were performed to assess clinical endpoints.

Complication Rates Following Cerebral and Coronary Angiography: Nationwide Analysis 2008-2014.

Catheter-based angiography is an essential procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of vascular complications in patients. Since cerebral and coronary angiography are similar techniques that utilize the same access sites and general principles, the associated risks overlap and should be identified to help direct patient care. The purpose of this study was to determine complication rates in a combined cohort of cerebral and coronary angiography patients, as well as conduct a comparative analysis of coronary and cerebral angiography complications.

Intravenous thrombolysis for treatment of pediatric acute ischemic stroke: Analysis of 20 years of population-level data in the United States.

Background And Aims: Although intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) represents standard-of-care treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in eligible adult patients, definitive evidence-based guidelines and randomized clinical trial data evaluating its safety and efficacy in the pediatric population remain absent from the literature. We aimed to evaluate the utilization and outcomes of IVT for the treatment of pediatric AIS using a large national registry.

Methods: Weighted hospitalizations for pediatric (<18 years of age) AIS patients were identified in the National Inpatient Sample during the period of 2001 to 2019.

Investigating Outcomes Post-Endovascular Thrombectomy in Acute Stroke Patients With Cancer.

Background And Objectives: Cancer is a common comorbidity in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Randomized controlled trials that established endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) as the standard of care for large vessel occlusion generally excluded patients with cancer. As such, the clinical benefits of endovascular thrombectomy in the cancer population are currently poorly established.

Cerebral vasospasm following arteriovenous malformation rupture: a population-based cross-sectional study.

Objective: Studies examining the risk factors and clinical outcomes of arterial vasospasm secondary to cerebral arteriovenous malformation (cAVM) rupture are scarce in the literature. The authors used a population-based national registry to investigate this largely unexamined clinical entity.

Methods: Admissions for adult patients with cAVM ruptures were identified in the National Inpatient Sample during the period from 2015 to 2019.

Portable stroke detection devices: a systematic scoping review of prehospital applications.

Background: The worldwide burden of stroke remains high, with increasing time-to-treatment correlated with worse outcomes. Yet stroke subtype determination, most importantly between stroke/non-stroke and ischemic/hemorrhagic stroke, is not confirmed until hospital CT diagnosis, resulting in suboptimal prehospital triage and delayed treatment. In this study, we survey portable, non-invasive diagnostic technologies that could streamline triage by making this initial determination of stroke type, thereby reducing time-to-treatment.

MGE-Like Neural Progenitor Cell Survival and Expression of Parvalbumin and Proenkephalin in a Jaundiced Rat Model of Kernicterus.

Kernicterus is a permanent condition caused by brain damage from bilirubin toxicity. Dystonia is one of the most debilitating symptoms of kernicterus and results from damage to the globus pallidus (GP). One potential therapeutic strategy to treat dystonia in kernicterus is to replace lost GP neurons and restore basal ganglia circuits through stem cell transplantation.

Cigarette smoking is a secondary cause of folliculin loss.

Background: Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHD) is a clinical syndrome manifesting with cystic lung disease and pneumothorax. Features of BHD result from the loss-of-function mutations of the folliculin () gene. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterised by an irreversible airflow limitation, is primarily caused by cigarette smoking.

Transcarotid Access for Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.

Objectives: Despite the success of mechanical thrombectomy in large vessel acute ischemic stroke, recanalization may fail due to difficult anatomic access or peripheral arterial occlusive disease. In these cases, transcarotid access may be used as an alternative, but it has not gained prominence due to safety concerns. Our objective was to assess the efficacy and safety of transcarotid access for mechanical thrombectomy.

Development of cerebral vasospasm following traumatic intracranial hemorrhage: incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes.

Objective: Limited evidence exists characterizing the incidence, risk factors, and clinical associations of cerebral vasospasm following traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (tICH) on a large scale. Therefore, the authors sought to use data from a national inpatient registry to investigate these aspects of posttraumatic vasospasm (PTV) to further elucidate potential causes of neurological morbidity and mortality subsequent to the initial insult.

Methods: Weighted discharge data from the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample from 2015 to 2018 were queried to identify patients with tICH who underwent diagnostic angiography in the same admission and, subsequently, those who developed angiographically confirmed cerebral vasospasm.

Extracellular Release of Mitochondrial DNA: Triggered by Cigarette Smoke and Detected in COPD.

Cigarette smoke (CS) is the most common risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The present study aimed to elucidate whether mtDNA is released upon CS exposure and is detected in the plasma of former smokers affected by COPD as a possible consequence of airway damage. We measured cell-free mtDNA (cf-mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (cf-nDNA) in COPD patient plasma and mouse serum with CS-induced emphysema.

Association of Elevated Body Mass Index with Functional Outcome and Mortality following Acute Ischemic Stroke: The Obesity Paradox Revisited.

Background: Previous literature has identified a survival advantage in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with elevated body mass indices (BMIs), a phenomenon termed the "obesity paradox."

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the independent association between obesity and clinical outcomes following AIS.

Methods: Weighted discharge data from the National Inpatient Sample were queried to identify AIS patients from 2015 to 2018.

A novel variant of the aortic arch great vessels.

Congenital variants of the aortic arch are important to recognize not only for their association with congenital heart disease, vascular rings, and chromosomal abnormalities but also for the purposes of neurointerventional angiography. While many different variants have been reported in the literature, we present two rare cases of an aortic arch variant that, to the best of our knowledge, has not yet been described in the literature- an anteriorly-directed, independent common origin of both carotid arteries from the ascending aorta, with separate subclavian artery trunks originating from the arch.