Cochrane meta-analysis fuels invalid skepticism about compulsory community treatment effectiveness.

Background: Quantitative research on non-randomized-samples, focused on statute-mandated-outcomes, has found positive results favoring compulsory-community-treatment (CCT) in jurisdictions fully supporting its implementation. In contrast, three randomized-studies "failed-to-find" a difference between randomly-assigned-CCT and control-groups-each study repeatedly summarized in revisions of a Cochrane-meta-analysis reporting this failure. Considering the potential health and safety threats to people with severe-mental-illness and those with whom they interact, there is a critical need for this investigation to resolve these conflicting results.

Social determinants for understanding Muslims' intentions toward seeking mental health help based on the Theory of Planned Behavior.

Background: Many have found that minorities seek help for mental health problems less than the general population. Such findings are surprising considering that minorities experience higher rates of mental health issues compared to the general population.

Objectives: Employing the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this study aimed to explore the intentions of Muslims living in California and Israel pertaining seeking mental health help (SMHH).

Hidden scars: the persistent multifaceted health and psychosocial consequences for Syrian torture survivors.

The impact on the physical and mental health of those who survived torture and their close circles in the Syrian regime's detention facilities remains under-studied. This qualitative study explored Syrian refugees' narrations of captivity and torture, and the consequences of such extreme traumatic events on their physical and psychosocial health. Thirteen audio-recorded interviews were conducted in Arabic with Syrian refugees.

Inducible deletion of endothelial cell Efnb2 delays capillary regeneration and attenuates myofibre reinnervation following myotoxin injury in mice.

Acute injury of skeletal muscle disrupts myofibres, microvessels and motor innervation. Myofibre regeneration is well characterized, however its relationship with the regeneration of microvessels and motor nerves is undefined. Endothelial cell (EC) ephrin-B2 (Efnb2) is required for angiogenesis during embryonic development and promotes neurovascular regeneration in the adult.

Juvenile Hormone as a contributing factor in establishing midgut microbiota for fecundity and fitness enhancement in adult female Aedes aegypti.

Understanding the factors influencing mosquitoes' fecundity and longevity is important for designing better and more sustainable vector control strategies, as these parameters can impact their vectorial capacity. Here, we address how mating affects midgut growth in Aedes aegypti, what role Juvenile Hormone (JH) plays in this process, and how it impacts the mosquito's immune response and microbiota. Our findings reveal that mating and JH induce midgut growth.

Advanced age and female sex protect cerebral arteries from mitochondrial depolarization and apoptosis during acute oxidative stress.

Aging increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) which can impair vascular function and contribute to brain injury. However, aging can also promote resilience to acute oxidative stress. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that advanced age protects smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) of posterior cerebral arteries (PCAs; diameter, ∼80 μm) during exposure to HO.

Crime and victimization outcomes following civil rights limits to the use of compulsory treatment.

Community treatment orders (CTOs) have been associated with reduced crime/victimization-risk. Australia's ratification of the U.N.

Differential Effects of High Fat Diets on Resilience to HO-Induced Cell Death in Mouse Cerebral Arteries: Role for Processed Carbohydrates.

High fat, western-style diets increase vascular oxidative stress. We hypothesized that smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells adapt during the consumption of high fat diets to become more resilient to acute oxidative stress. Male C57Bl/6J mice were fed a western-style diet high in fat and processed carbohydrates (WD), a high fat diet that induces obesity (DIO), or their respective control (CD) and standard (SD) diets for 16 weeks.

Mortality-Risk With "Capacity" Constraints On Community Treatment Order Utilization.

Background: Assignment to a community treatment order (CTO) has been associated with reduced mortality risk. In Victoria Australia civil-rights enhancements involving capacity to refuse involuntary treatment have contributed to a 15% reduction between 2010 and 2019 in CTO assignments among first hospitalized patients with Schizophrenia diagnoses. Has this change impacted patient mortality risk?

Study Design: This study considered mortality-risk between 2010 and 2019 for 3 patient groups with schizophrenia diagnoses: All 4848 hospitalized patients who were assigned to a CTO for the first time in the period; 3988 matched and randomly selected patients, who were first hospitalized in the decade, without CTO assignment; and 1675 never hospitalized or CTO-assigned outpatients.

Angiogenesis precedes myogenesis during regeneration following biopsy injury of skeletal muscle.

Background: Acute injury to skeletal muscle damages myofibers and fragment capillaries, impairing contractile function and local perfusion. Myofibers and microvessels regenerate from satellite cells and from surviving microvessel fragments, respectively, to restore intact muscle. Established models of injury have used myotoxins and physical trauma to demonstrate the concurrence of myogenesis and angiogenesis during regeneration.

Need for Treatment, A Less Restrictive Alternative to Hospitalization, and Treatment Provision: The Utility of Community Treatment Orders.

Background: Provision of involuntary care is an abridgment of civil rights and a source of controversy. Its circumstances require continued monitoring. This study asks 4 questions: Whether, in an era, focused on allowing patients with capacity to refuse community-treatment-order (CTO)-assignments, CTO use decreased.

Accessing acute medical care to protect health: the utility of community treatment orders.

Background: The conclusion that people with severe mental illness require involuntary care to protect their health (including threats due to physical-non-psychiatric-illness) is challenged by findings indicating that they often lack access to general healthcare and the assertion that they would access such care voluntarily if available and effective. Victoria, Australia's single-payer healthcare system provides accessible medical treatment; therefore, it is an excellent context in which to test these challenges.

Aims: This study replicates a previous investigation in considering whether, in Australia's easy-access single-payer healthcare system, patients placed on community treatment orders, specifically involuntary community treatment, are more likely to access acute medical care addressing potentially life-threatening physical illnesses than voluntary patients with and without severe mental illness.

The Syrian regime's apparatus for systemic torture: A qualitative narrative study of testimonies from survivors.

Background: Despite broad interest of the Syrian refugee plight in the academic and media circles, there are still limited studies analyzing the lived experiences of torture survivors under the Syrian regime. This qualitative study interviewed torture survivors to examine the form and function of the Syrian regime's security apparatus, and the personal aftermath of survivors.

Methods: Thirteen in-depth interviews were conducted in Arabic with Syrian refugees who endured torture.

Endothelial cells promote smooth muscle cell resilience to H O -induced cell death in mouse cerebral arteries.

Aim: Brain injury produces reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, little is known of how acute oxidative stress affects cell survival in the cerebral vascular supply. We hypothesized that endothelial cells (ECs) are more resilient to H O and protect vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) during acute oxidative stress.

Myofibre injury induces capillary disruption and regeneration of disorganized microvascular networks.

Injury to skeletal muscle disrupts myofibres and their microvascular supply. While the regeneration of myofibres is well described, little is known of how the microcirculation is affected by skeletal muscle injury or its recovery during regeneration. Nevertheless, the microvasculature must also recover to restore skeletal muscle function.

Differential hyperpolarization to substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in smooth muscle versus endothelium of mouse mesenteric artery.

Objective: We sought to define how sensory neurotransmitters substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) affect membrane potential of vascular smooth muscle and endothelium.

Methods: Microelectrodes recorded membrane potential of smooth muscle from pressurized mouse mesenteric arteries (diameter, ~150 µm) and in endothelial tubes.

Results: Resting potential was similar (~ -45 mV) for each cell layer.

Functionalizing biomaterials to promote neurovascular regeneration following skeletal muscle injury.

During embryogenesis, blood vessels and nerves develop with similar branching structure in response to shared signaling pathways guiding network growth. With both systems integral to physiological homeostasis, dual targeting of blood vessels and nerves to promote neurovascular regeneration following injury is an emerging therapeutic approach in biomedical engineering. A limitation to this strategy is that the nature of cross talk between emergent vessels and nerves during regeneration in an adult is poorly understood.

Apoptosis in resistance arteries induced by hydrogen peroxide: greater resilience of endothelium versus smooth muscle.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in cardiovascular and neurologic disorders including atherosclerosis, heart attack, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. Although oxidative stress can lead to apoptosis of vascular cells, such findings are largely based upon isolated vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) studied in culture. Studying intact resistance arteries, we have focused on understanding how SMCs and ECs in the blood vessel wall respond to acute oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide, a ubiquitous, membrane-permeant ROS.

, Uprooted and Scattered: Refugee Women Escape Journey and the Longing to Return to Syria.

Objective: Violent conflict forced millions of Syrians to flee their homes to host countries. This study examines Syrian refugee women's experiences from the war's outset through their journey to Jordan. It addresses the toll this journey had on their lives.

Hospital Utilization Outcomes Following Assignment to Outpatient Commitment.

Outpatient civil commitment (OCC) requires people with severe mental illness (SMI) to receive needed-treatment addressing imminent-threats to health and safety. When available, such treatment is required to be provided in the community as a less restrictive alternative (LRA) to psychiatric-hospitalization. Variance in hospital-utilization outcomes following OCC-assignment has been interpreted as OCC-failure.

Protecting Health and Safety with Needed-Treatment: the Effectiveness of Outpatient Commitment.

Outpatient civil commitment (OCC) requires the provision of needed-treatment, as a less restrictive alternative (LRA) to psychiatric-hospitalization in order to protect against imminent-threats to health and safety associated with severe mental illness (SMI). OCC-reviews aggregating all studies report inconsistent outcomes and interpret such as intervention failure. This review, considering those studies whose outcome criteria are consistent with the provisions of OCC-law, seeks to determine OCC-effectiveness in meeting its legislated objectives.

"Children Are Not Children Anymore; They Are a Lost Generation": Adverse Physical and Mental Health Consequences on Syrian Refugee Children.

This research examines Syrian refugee mothers' accounts of the physical and mental health of their children being affected by war traumas and displacement challenges. Open-ended audio-recorded interviews were conducted in Arabic with 23 mothers residing in Jordan. Using a narrative approach in the data collection and analysis, five major themes were identified: (1) children were exposed to diverse war traumatic experiences in Syria; (2) the escape journey and refugee camps threatened children's lives; (3) displacement and family stressors exposed children to poverty, hostility from local peers, educational and recreational challenges, child labor, and domestic violence (these three major themes were considered as trauma related variables); (4) children were not only directly affected physically and mentally by their own traumatic experiences and displacement stressors, but these experiences were mediated and magnified by familial interrelated processes, evidenced in intergenerational transmission of trauma, harsh parenting style, parental control, and parentification; and (5) adverse consequences of both trauma related variables and family processes directly and indirectly traumatized children and adversely impacted their physical and mental health.

Refugee trauma work: Effects on intimate relationships and vicarious posttraumatic growth.

Background: Bearing witness to Syrian refugee atrocities may result in aid-workers' vicarious traumatization (VT). This study examined work stressors and organizational support and their associations with vicarious posttraumatic growth (VPTG) and intimate relationships. It also examined the potential mediating effects of differentiation of the self and finding meaning in trauma-work.

The utility of outpatient civil commitment: Investigating the evidence.

Background: Outpatient civil commitment (OCC), community treatment orders (CTOs) in European and Commonwealth nations, require the provision of needed-treatment to protect against imminent threats to health and safety. OCC-reviews aggregating all studies report inconsistent outcomes. This review, searches for consistency in OCC-outcomes by evaluating studies based on mental health system characteristics, measurement, and design principles.

Aging alters spontaneous and neurotransmitter-mediated Ca signaling in smooth muscle cells of mouse mesenteric arteries.

Objective: Aging impairs MA dilation by reducing the ability of sensory nerves to counteract sympathetic vasoconstriction. This study tested whether altered SMC Ca signals to sympathetic (NE) and sensory (CGRP) neurotransmitters underlie aging-related deficits in vasodilation.

Methods: MAs from young and old mice were pressurized and loaded with Fluo-4 dye for confocal measurement of SMC Ca sparks and waves.