Non-charged thiamine analogs as inhibitors of enzyme transketolase.

Inhibition of the thiamine-utilizing enzyme transketolase (TK) has been linked with diminished tumor cell proliferation. Most thiamine antagonists have a permanent positive charge on the B-ring, and it has been suggested that this charge is required for diphosphorylation by thiamine pyrophosphokinase (TPPK) and binding to TK. We sought to make neutral thiazolium replacements that would be substrates for TPPK, while not necessarily needing thiamine transporters (ThTr1 and ThTr2) for cell penetration.

Prodrug thiamine analogs as inhibitors of the enzyme transketolase.

Transketolase, a key enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway, has been suggested as a target for inhibition in the treatment of cancer. Compound 5a ('N3'-pyridyl thiamine'; 3-(6-methyl-2-amino-pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-5-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-4-methyl-thiazol-3-ium chloride hydrochloride), an analog of the transketolase cofactor thiamine, is a potent transketolase inhibitor but suffers from poor pharmacokinetics due to high clearance and C(max) linked toxicity. An efficient way of improving the pharmacokinetic profile of 5a is to prepare oxidized prodrugs which are slowly reduced in vivo yielding longer, sustained blood levels of the drug.