Experiences of early graduate medical students working in New York hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed methods study.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presented the world with a sudden need for additional medical professionals. Senior medical students were identified as potential workers and many worldwide graduated early to serve as Junior Physicians in hospitals. The authors sought to identify factors that informed the decision to work, describe experiences in this capacity, and elucidate benefits for trainees.

Effects of parental origins and length of residency on adiposity measures and nutrition in urban middle school students: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The prevalence of obesity in U.S. has been rising at an alarming rate, particularly among Hispanic, African, and Asian minority groups.

Racial/ethnic differences in clinical and biochemical type 2 diabetes mellitus risk factors in children.

Objective: To examine whether periadolescent children demonstrate the significant racial/ethnic differences in body fatness relative to BMI and in the prevalence and relationship of body composition to risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) as in adults.

Design And Methods: Family history of obesity and T2DM, anthropometry, insulin sensitivity and secretory capacity, lipids, and cytokines (IL-6, CRP, TNF-α, and adiponectin) were examined in a cohort of 994 middle school students (47% male, 53%, female; 12% African American, 14% East Asian, 13% South Asian, 9% Caucasian, 44% Hispanic, and 8% other).

Results: Fractional body fat content was significantly greater at any BMI among South Asians.

Bronchoscopic findings in children with chronic wet cough.

Objectives: Protracted bacterial bronchitis is defined as the presence of more than 4 weeks of chronic wet cough that resolves with appropriate antibiotic therapy, in the absence of alternative diagnoses. The diagnosis of protracted bacterial bronchitis is not readily accepted within the pediatric community, however, and data on the incidence of bacterial bronchitis in children are deficient. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of bacterial bronchitis in children with chronic wet cough and to analyze their bronchoscopic findings.

Vitamin D, osteocalcin, and risk for adiposity as comorbidities in middle school children.

Nonclassic actions of vitamin D include potential regulation of immune function and glucose homeostasis. The bone-metabolism loop has recently been expanded to include osteocalcin, which appears to play a more direct role in pancreatic beta cell function and energy metabolism. We hypothesized that both vitamin D and osteocalcin would correlate negatively with indices of adiposity-related comorbidity risk in periadolescents, varying by ethnic group.

Paediatric experiences with work-hour limitations.

Objectives: To evaluate the perceived impact of work-hour limitations on paediatric residency training programmes and to determine the various strategies used to accommodate these restrictions.

Methods: A three-page pre-tested survey was administered to programme directors at the 2004 Association of Paediatric Programme Directors meeting. The impact of work-hours was evaluated with Likert-type questions and the methods used to meet work-hour requirements were compared between large programmes (>or=30 residents) and small programmes.

Lessons from pediatrics residency program directors' experiences with work hour limitations in New York State.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of residency work hour limitations on pediatrics residency programs in New York State, and to learn lessons that can be used nationally with the implementation of the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education's similar rules.

Method: A three-page questionnaire was mailed to all pediatrics residency program directors in New York. The questionnaire assessed methods used to accommodate the work hour limitations and perceptions of the limitations' effects.