Stereotype threat, gender and mathematics attainment: A conceptual replication of Stricker & Ward.

Stereotype threat has been proposed as one cause of gender differences in post-compulsory mathematics participation. Danaher and Crandall argued, based on a study conducted by Stricker and Ward, that enquiring about a student's gender after they had finished a test, rather than before, would reduce stereotype threat and therefore increase the attainment of women students. Making such a change, they argued, could lead to nearly 5000 more women receiving AP Calculus AB credit per year.

A GC-TOF-MS study of the stability of serum and urine metabolomes during the UK Biobank sample collection and preparation protocols.

Background: The stability of mammalian serum and urine in large metabolomic investigations is essential for accurate, valid and reproducible studies. The stability of mammalian serum and urine, either processed immediately by freezing at -80 degrees C or stored at 4 degrees C for 24 h before being frozen, was compared in a pilot metabolomic study of samples from 40 separate healthy volunteers.

Methods: Metabolic profiling with GC-TOF-MS was performed for serum and urine samples collected from 40 volunteers and stored at -80 degrees C or 4 degrees C for 24 h before being frozen at -80 degrees C.