Prescribing Trends in Post-operative Pain Management After Urologic Surgery: A Quality Care Investigation for Healthcare Providers.

Objective: To assess prescribing and refilling trends of narcotics in postoperative urology patients at our institution. Although the opioid epidemic remains a public health threat, no series has assessed prescribing patterns across urologic surgery disciplines following discharge.

Methods: All urologic surgeries were retrospectively reviewed from May 2017-April 2018.

Nephron-sparing management vs radical nephroureterectomy for low- or moderate-grade, low-stage upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

Objective: To compare overall and cancer-specific outcomes between patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) managed with either radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) or nephron-sparing measures (NSM) using a large population-based dataset.

Patients And Methods: Using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data, patients diagnosed with low- or moderate-grade, localised non-invasive UTUC were stratified into two groups: those treated with RNU or NSM (observation, endoscopic ablation, or segmental ureterectomy). Cancer-specific mortality (CSM) and other-cause mortality (OCM) rates were determined using cumulative incidence estimators.

Is there a benefit to frozen section analysis at the time of partial nephrectomy?

Introduction: The utility of frozen section performance during partial nephrectomy (PN) is controversial. We assessed the predictive value of frozen sections on final margin status for patients undergoing PN for localized renal tumors.

Materials And Methods: We queried our prospectively maintained kidney cancer database for patients undergoing PN with localized renal tumors from 2005-2011.

Pathological concordance and surgical outcomes of sporadic synchronous unilateral multifocal renal masses treated with partial nephrectomy.

Purpose: Patients with unilateral synchronous multifocal renal masses represent a unique population with renal cell carcinoma. While pathological concordance rates have been studied for bilateral cases, limited data exist on unilateral multifocal disease. We characterized pathological concordance rates in this population and evaluated the outcomes of nephron preservation.

The effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid and its derivatives on protoporphyrin IX accumulation and apoptotic cell death in castrate-resistant prostate cancer cells.

Objective: To examine whether pharmacologically relevant zinc-binding agents are capable of depleting X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein in tumor cells. Our prior work reveals that treatment with zinc-chelating agents induces selective downregulation of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein in cancer cells of various origins. A precursor of the heme synthetic pathway, 5-aminolevulinic acid, is metabolized to protoporphyrin IX, which is highly reactive with zinc.

Robotic dismembered pyeloplasty in a horseshoe kidney after failed endopyelotomy.

We report our experience performing a robot-assisted dismembered pyeloplasty on a patient with a ureteropelvic junction obstruction in a horseshoe kidney and a prior history of endopyelotomy. We provide 18-month follow-up demonstrating that robotic pyeloplasty is a reasonable second treatment option for patients with horseshoe kidneys with failed prior endourological management.

In vivo Schild regression analyses using nonselective 5-HT2C receptor antagonists in a rat operant behavioral assay.

Rationale: Although competitive antagonism experiments are critical tools in the classification of potential pharmacotherapies, no studies have quantitatively compared the potencies of 5-HT(2C) receptor antagonists using the Schild regression analysis in vivo.

Objectives: To evaluate the behavioral effects of 5-HT(2C) receptor agonists and antagonists, a series of nonselective 5-HT(2C) receptor antagonists, the 5-HT(2A/2C) receptor antagonist ketanserin, the 5-HT(2B) receptor antagonist SB 204,741, the 5-HT(2B/2C) receptor antagonist SB 200,646, and the peripherally acting 5-HT(2C) receptor antagonist RS102,221 were evaluated for their capacity to competitively antagonize the agonists MK212, mCPP, or BW723C86 in rats.

Materials And Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 28) were trained to respond under a fixed ratio 10 schedule of food reinforcement.

Opioid antagonists differ according to negative intrinsic efficacy in a mouse model of acute dependence.

The purpose of the present study is to compare the capacity of opioid antagonists to elicit withdrawal jumping in mice following two acute pretreatment doses of the opioid agonist morphine. Antagonists that precipitate vigorous withdrawal jumping across both morphine treatment doses are hypothesized to be strong inverse agonists at the mu-opioid receptor, whereas antagonists that elicit withdrawal jumping in mice treated with the high but not the low dose of morphine are hypothesized to be weak inverse agonists. Male, Swiss-Webster mice (15-30 g) were acutely treated with 56 or 180 mg kg(-1) morphine 4 h prior to injection with naloxone, naltrexone, diprenorphine, nalorphine, or naloxonazine.

Opioid receptors and acetaminophen (paracetamol).

We report that the acetaminophen (paracetamol)-induced spinal (intrathecal, i.t.)/supraspinal (intracerebroventricular, i.

Potency differences for D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Arg-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 as an antagonist of peptide and alkaloid micro-agonists in an antinociception assay.

D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Arg-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 (CTAP) is a peptide antagonist that demonstrates potent and selective affinity for micro-opioid receptors in radioligand binding assays and in vitro bioassays. However, previous studies indicate that CTAP may possess unusual pharmacology under certain conditions. Therefore, CTAP was evaluated as an antagonist of the antinociceptive effects of a range of structurally diverse high- and low-efficacy peptide and alkaloid opioid agonists and compared with the traditional antagonist naltrexone.