Multicenter evaluation of the administration of crotalid antivenom in cats: 115 cases (2000-2011).

Objective: To evaluate use of crotalid antivenom, frequency of hypersensitivity reactions, and risk factors for hypersensitivity reactions and death in envenomed cats.

Design: Retrospective multicenter case series.

Animals: 115 envenomed cats treated with antivenom and 177 envenomed cats treated without antivenom.

Fluid therapy: options and rational administration.

Fluid administration is a primary component of therapy in many small animal patients. Several different classes of fluid may be given, and there are multiple options within each class. The type, route, volume, and rate of fluid administered should be tailored to the patient's signalment, disease or injury state, and response to the administration of fluids.