Metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma in the skin.

Cutaneous metastases secondary to neuroendocrinetumors are rare. Herein we report a case of a 75-yearoldwoman who presented with a rare cutaneousmetastatic disease. She was previously diagnosed withmetastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma of unknownprimary, with metastases to liver, lung, and bone.

Lichenoid Dermatologic Toxicity From Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy: A Detailed Examination of the Clinicopathologic Features.

Immunotherapy targeting the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) receptor has demonstrated tremendous promise in the treatment of advanced solid tumors. Dermatologic toxicities, however, are an emerging consequence of this therapy and have been clearly associated with immune checkpoint blockade antibodies. Distinctive clinical and histologic subtypes of dermatologic toxicity secondary to immunotherapy are emerging and include rare autoimmune bullous reactions (eg, bullous pemphigoid) and lichenoid eruptions.

Disseminated Mycobacterium avium Complex With Cutaneous Lesions.

Background: Although most commonly encountered in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection, disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is becoming more common in patients receiving immunosuppressive medications. Disseminated MAC with skin lesions may occur, and several presentations have been reported, including panniculitis, cutaneous granulomas, pustules, ulcerations, and erythematous skin lesions.

Objectives: The objective of this report is to describe an unusual presentation of MAC that is unlikely to be encountered frequently in the outpatient dermatology setting, especially in a patient without human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Case of vemurafenib-induced Sweet's syndrome.

Vemurafenib is a targeted therapy that has become standard treatment for patients with advanced melanoma with a V600E BRAF mutation. It has been associated with frequent skin toxicity, including photosensitivity, rash and squamous cell carcinomas. We present an 83-year-old woman with an advanced V600E BRAF-mutant melanoma who developed a severe skin rash and fatigue after taking vemurafenib.

Approach to the morbilliform eruption in the hematopoietic transplant patient.

Morbilliform eruptions occur frequently in the hematopoietic transplant population. The differential diagnosis includes drug reaction, viral exanthem, and cutaneous graft versus host disease. Using a typical patient case, we discuss the diagnostic approach to this clinical problem.

Emerging dermatologic issues in the oncology patient.

The spectrum of skin diseases that occurs in the oncology patient differs somewhat from that seen in other immunosuppressed populations. We review the cutaneous manifestations of invasive mold infections in the leukemia/lymphoma population. Aspergillus mold infections are now the leading infectious cause of death in this population.

Cutaneous fungal infections in the oncology patient: recognition and management.

There are two main types of fungal infections in the oncology patient: primary cutaneous fungal infections and cutaneous manifestations of fungemia. The main risk factor for all types of fungal infections in the oncology patient is prolonged and severe neutropenia; this is especially true for disseminated fungal infections. Severe neutropenia occurs most often in leukemia and lymphoma patients exposed to high-dose chemotherapy.

Invasive cutaneous fungal infections requiring radical resection in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Invasive fungal infections have emerged as a significant problem in patients with cancer with the development of better systemic therapies for malignancy and more effective antibacterial agents. The currently available world published medical literature was reviewed on invasive fungal infections in cancer patients with specific attention devoted to the multidisciplinary role of surgery in refractory cutaneous cases. Infections can develop on the forearm where peripheral intravenous catheters had been inserted in cancer patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy.

Skin lesions associated with Fusarium infection.

Infections caused by Fusarium species are increasing in frequency among immunocompromised hosts. We identified 35 patients with cancer who had Fusarium skin lesions. Twenty patients had disseminated infection, 6 had primary localized skin infections, 4 had skin lesions associated with sinus infections, and 5 had onychomycosis.