Periostin and osteopontin are overexpressed in chronically inflamed sinuses.

Objective: In chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), the inflammation leads to a proliferative response in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Periostin and osteopontin are 2 ECM proteins which have received attention for their roles in tissue remodeling in inflammatory diseases of the upper and lower airways. Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ1) is an inflammatory cytokine that has been implicated in fibrotic conditions affecting virtually every organ.

Chronic rhinosinusitis.

This article defines chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and shares contemporary principles for its diagnosis and management, focusing on practical considerations for rhinoplasty surgeons. Nasal obstruction, the most common symptom of CRS, is frequently the chief complaint of patients seeking functional rhinoplasty surgery. Because correcting sites of anatomic obstruction to nasal airflow alone is unlikely to adequately treat CRS, rhinoplasty surgeons must have a firm understanding of the origin, diagnosis, and management of this disease process.

A graded approach to repairing the stenotic nasal vestibule.

Objective: To describe a graded approach to repairing vestibular stenosis that involves restoring structural support to the ala.

Methods: Retrospective review of 5 nostrils in 4 patients who presented to the senior author with vestibular stenosis. The cause was burn injury in 3 patients and congenital in 1 patient.