"Toe transfers outperform replantation after digit amputations: outcomes of 126 toe transfers".

Background: The gold standard after digital amputation is assumed to be replantation of the amputated digit. This study seeks to address - using validated functional outcomes in one of the world's largest series of toe transfers - whether toe transfers can match the function of replanted digits. This study also aimed to identify which physical variables improve functional outcomes after toe transfer.

Areca nut-induced metabolic reprogramming and M2 differentiation promote OPMD malignant transformation.

Background: Betel quid and its major ingredient, areca nut, are recognized by IARC as major risk factors in oral cancer development. Areca nut extract (ANE) exposure has been linked to OPMD progression and malignant transformation to OSCC. However, the detailed mechanism through which ANE acts on other cell types in the oral microenvironment to promote oral carcinogenesis remains elusive.

Effect of differing flap reconstruction strategies in perineal closure following advanced pelvic oncological resection: a retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: Advancing approaches to locally invasive pelvic malignancy creates a large tissue defect resulting in perineal wound complications, dehiscence, and perineal hernia. Use of reconstructive flaps such as vertical rectus abdominus myocutaneous (VRAM) flap, gracilis, anterolateral thigh and gluteal flaps have been utilised in our institution to address perineal closure. The authors compared outcomes using different flap techniques along with primary perineal closure in advanced pelvic oncological resection.

IL-1RA promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma malignancy through mitochondrial metabolism-mediated EGFR/JNK/SOX2 pathway.

Background: Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), a member of the IL-1 family, has diverse roles in cancer development. However, the role of IL-1RA in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), in particular the underlying mechanisms, remains to be elucidated.

Methods: Tumor tissues from OSCC patients were assessed for protein expression by immunohistochemistry.

In search of the ideal periosteal flap for bone non-union: The chimeric fibula-periosteal flap.

Unlabelled: Vascularised periosteal flaps may increase the union rates in recalcitrant long bone non-union. The fibula-periosteal chimeric flap utilises the periosteum raised on an independent periosteal vessel. This allows the periosteum to be inset freely around the osteotomy site, thereby facilitating bone consolidation.

[Plastic-surgical reconstruction of the lower extremity in senior patients].

The proportion of patients in the population beyond the 7th decade of life is increasing worldwide, especially in highly developed countries. Consequently, there is also an increasing need for complex lower extremity reconstructions after trauma, tumors, or infections in this age group. The reconstruction of soft tissue defects of the lower extremity should be performed according to the principle of the plastic-reconstructive ladder or elevator.

Participatory development of a 3D telemedicine system during COVID: The future of remote consultations.

Background: The COVID pandemic brought the need for more realistic remote consultations into focus. 2D Telemedicine solutions fail to replicate the fluency or authenticity of in-person consultations. This research reports on an international collaboration on the participatory development and first validated clinical use of a novel, real-time 360-degree 3D Telemedicine system worldwide.

Functional quadriceps reconstruction: 3D gait analysis, EMG and environmental simulator outcomes.

Object: Limited objective evidence exists on the benefits of functional muscle transfers following quadriceps resection in sarcoma. In particular, no studies have compared patients with functional transfers to those without. In this study, objective and subjective assessments were performed with 3D Gait Analysis, Environmental Simulator, Electromyography (EMG) and Patient-Reported Outcomes.

ADSCs stimulated by resistin promote breast cancer cell malignancy via CXCL5 in a breast cancer coculture model.

The tumor microenvironment represents one of the main obstacles in breast cancer treatment owing to the presence of heterogeneous stromal cells, such as adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), that may interact with breast cancer cells and promote cancer development. Resistin is an adipocytokine associated with adverse breast cancer progression; however, its underlying mechanisms in the context of the breast tumor microenvironment remain largely unidentified. Here, we utilized a transwell co-culture model containing patient-derived ADSCs and breast cancer cell lines to investigate their potential interaction, and observed that breast cancer cells co-cultured with resistin-treated ADSCs (R-ADSCs) showed enhanced cancer cell growth and metastatic ability.

The Cleft Lip Education with Augmented Reality (CLEAR) VR Phase 2 Trial: A Pilot Randomized Crossover Trial of a Novel Patient Information Leaflet.

Background: The Cleft Lip Education with Augmented Reality (CLEAR) project centers around the use of augmented reality (AR) in patient leaflets, as a visual means to overcome the "health literacy" gap. This trial followed Virtual Reality (VR CORE) guidelines for VR Phase 2 (Pilot) trials.

Methods: Participants included families of children treated for Cleft Lip and Palate at the Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow.

What Matters to Us: Impact of Telemedicine During the Pandemic in the Care of Patients With Sarcoma Across Scotland.

Purpose: In Scotland, approximately 350 sarcoma cases are diagnosed per year and treated in one of the five specialist centers. Many patients are required to travel long distances to access specialist care. The COVID-19 pandemic brought a number of rapid changes into the care for patients with cancer, with increasing utilization of telemedicine.

MRE11 as a molecular signature and therapeutic target for cancer treatment with radiotherapy.

MRE11, the core of the MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 complex, is one of key DNA damage response proteins. Increasing evidence suggests that its expression in cancer cells is critical to developing radioresistance; as such, MRE11 is an emerging marker for targeted radiosensitization strategies. Elevated MRE11 in tumor tissues has been associated with poor survival in patients undergoing radiotherapy, although in some cancer types, the opposite has been noted.

MRE11 promotes oral cancer progression through RUNX2/CXCR4/AKT/FOXA2 signaling in a nuclease-independent manner.

MRE11, the nuclease component of RAD50/MRE11/NBS1 DNA repair complex which is essential for repair of DNA double-strand-breaks in normal cells, has recently garnered attention as a critical factor in solid tumor development. Herein we report the crucial role of MRE11 in oral cancer progression in a nuclease-independent manner and delineate its key downstream effectors including CXCR4. MRE11 expression in oral cancer samples was positively associated with tumor size, cancer stage and lymph node metastasis, and was predictive of poorer patient survival and radiotherapy resistance.

Combination targeting of subthalamic nucleus and ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus with a single trajectory in deep brain stimulation for tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has traditionally been used to target the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or globus pallidus internus (GPi) to treat Parkinson's disease (PD) and the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus (VIM) to treat essential tremor (ET). Recent case reports have described targeting both the STN and VIM with a single trajectory and electrode to treat patients with tremor-dominant PD, yet outcome data for this procedure remains sparse. Our objective is to determine the safety and efficacy of combination STN-VIM DBS.

A need for clarity on surgical management of breast sarcoma: Scottish sarcoma network guidelines and regional audit.

Currently, there are no comprehensive breast sarcoma guidelines in the UK. There is therefore a need for guidelines to clarify surgical management, which we have based on data from our regional audit, current evidence, and consensus between West of Scotland Breast Cancer and Scottish Sarcoma Managed Clinical Networks. Methods and results: From 2007 to 2019, 46 patients were treated with breast sarcoma in the West of Scotland.

Visfatin Enhances Breast Cancer Progression through CXCL1 Induction in Tumor-Associated Macrophages.

Visfatin, an adipocytokine highly expressed in breast tumor tissues, is associated with breast cancer progression. Recent studies showed that adipocytokines mediate tumor development through adipocytokine tumor-stromal interactions in the tumor microenvironment. This study focused on the interaction between one key stromal constituent-tumor-associated macrophages-and visfatin.

Adipocytokines visfatin and resistin in breast cancer: Clinical relevance, biological mechanisms, and therapeutic potential.

Obesity is one of the major modifiable risk factors in breast cancer, with obese adipose tissue showing a pathological role in breast cancer development and malignancy via the release of secretory factors, such as proinflammatory cytokines and adipocytokines. The current article focuses on visfatin and resistin, two such adipocytokines that have emerged over the last two decades as leading breast cancer promoting factors in obesity. The clinical association of circulating visfatin and resistin with breast cancer and their biological mechanisms are reviewed, in addition to their role in the context of tumor-stromal interactions in the breast cancer microenvironment.

Does muscle improve validated outcome measures in open tibial fractures? New insights from a cohort study of the anterolateral thigh flap (ALT) versus ALT-Vastus lateralis flaps.

The benefits of the muscle in open lower limb fractures remain to be determined. This study compared statistically equivalent groups of open tibial fractures treated by free anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps or ALT flaps incorporating muscle (ALT-Vastus lateralis/ALT- VL). Method and Results: Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, 2004-2008, 49 free flaps in open lower limb fractures (38 open tibial) were specifically reconstructed with free ALT or ALT-VL flaps.

Quantifying Inequitable Access to Rapid Burn and Reconstructive Care through Geospatial Mapping.

Time-critical pathologies, such as the care of burn-injured patients, rely on accurate travel time data to plan high-quality service provision. Geospatial modeling, using data from the Malaria Atlas Project, together with census data, permits quantification of the huge global discrepancies in temporal access to burn care between high-income and low-resource settings. In this study, focusing on the United Kingdom and Ghana, we found that a 3-fold population difference exists with, respectively, 95.

Orthoplastics in Periprosthetic Joint Infection of the Knee: Treatment Concept for Composite Soft-tissue Defect with Extensor Apparatus Deficiency.

: Reconstruction of composite soft-tissue defects with extensor apparatus deficiency in patients with periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) of the knee is challenging. We present a single-centre multidisciplinary orthoplastic treatment concept based on a retrospective outcome analysis over 20 years. : One-hundred sixty patients had PJI after total knee arthroplasty.

Food and beverage advertising in Hong Kong mass transit railway stations.

Objectives: To examine the extent and characteristics of food and beverage (F&B) promotion in Hong Kong mass transit railway (MTR) stations in districts with different socioeconomic statuses (SES) and school density.

Design: All advertisements located in the eight selected MTR stations were recorded by photographs or videos, and classified into F&B and non-F&B. The percentage of F&B advertisements and unhealthy F&B being promoted, and common persuasive marketing strategies used in F&B advertisements were compared between low v.