Longitudinal Changes in the Body Mass Index of British Army Pilots.

Aircraft are manufactured according to design parameters that must account for the size and physical characteristics of the pilot. While cockpit dimensions, seats, restraints, and related components do not change substantially over the airframe lifecycle, it is conceivable that the occupant may, even if initially well-suited. This investigation focused on longitudinal body mass index (BMI) changes within a cohort of British Army Air Corps pilots.

Retrospective Analysis of Medical Attrition for Pilot Applicants to the British Army Air Corps.

Management of aeromedical risk is essential for flight safety. Given the many operator stressors for pilots, militaries maintain a vested interest in selecting aircrew applicants who meet rigorous initial medical standards. Very little published literature exists regarding the extent of medical disqualifications or precluding conditions for initial candidates.

Spatial Disorientation Scenarios for the AW159 Helicopter Within a Synthetic Training Environment.

Spatial disorientation (SD) remains a stubborn and formidable challenge among rotary wing (RW) aircrews, particularly during times of high workload and deceptive visual cues. With tri-Service agreement, British RW Forces employ a layered training approach that now includes simulator-based immersive scenarios. Ten bespoke RW SD training scenarios were developed for the AW159 Wildcat helicopter simulator by a multidisciplinary team.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Among Army Aircrew.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a condition characterized by disrupted sleep and excessive daytime fatigue. Associated cognitive and psychomotor decrements pose a threat to aviators' performance and flight safety. Additionally, the longer term health effects associated with the disease can jeopardize an aviator's career and negatively impact operational outputs.

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Use Among Army Aviators.

Mental health is an important aspect of Army aviation medicine given that it significantly impacts career longevity, readiness, and healthcare usage. One of the most commonly used classes of medications to treat mental health disorders is the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). Here we present a descriptive epidemiological review of SSRI use in Army aviators over a 10-yr period.

Aviation-Modeled Investigation of Significant Obstetric Events.

Introduction: In this research, the authors attempted to ascertain whether or not the Root Cause Analysis Event Support and Engagement Team (RESET) investigates the use of U.S. Army aviation-based techniques by staff members or organizations in which serious obstetrical events have occurred.

Medication Adverse Reaction, Risk Stratification (MAR²S) Model.

A fundamental responsibility of aerospace medicine is the analysis and mitigation of the human component's risk to the aviation system. Medications are part of this risk mitigation process and are present within a multitude of work environments, including aviation. For example, during fiscal year (FY) 2013-2015, the Army Aeromedical Activity (AAMA) received 8596 medication waiver requests.

U.S. Army Parachute Mishap Fatalities: 2010-2015.

Despite the large number of U.S. military members who conduct parachuting operations, its inherent safety risks, and the introduction of a new military parachute in 2010, little has been published in the last decade on U.

Clinical Diagnoses Leading to Suspension in Army Aircrew: An Epidemiological Study.

Introduction: There have been few large-scale epidemiological examinations of military aircrew populations reported in recent literature. This study examined 10 yr of medical records contained in the U.S.

Transferring Aviation Practices into Clinical Medicine for the Promotion of High Reliability.

Background: Aviation is a classic example of a high reliability organization (HRO)-an organization in which catastrophic events are expected to occur without control measures. As health care systems transition toward high reliability, aviation practices are increasingly transferred for clinical implementation.

Methods: A PubMed search using the terms aviation, crew resource management, and patient safety was undertaken.

Reported Back Pain in Army Aircrew in Relation to Airframe, Gender, Age, and Experience.

Introduction: Back pain has remained an issue of significance among aircraft crewmembers for decades, occurring in the majority of military helicopter pilots with potential deleterious effects on performance, safety, and operational readiness. This exploratory, correlational survey study was designed to evaluate the presence of patterns and relationships that may require further examination to understand causal factors.

Methods: The study population consisted of U.

Comparison of the effects of ketamine and morphine on performance of representative military tasks.

Background: When providing care under combat or hostile conditions, it may be necessary for a casualty to remain engaged in military tasks after being wounded. Prehospital care under other remote, austere conditions may be similar, whereby an individual may be forced to continue purposeful actions despite traumatic injury. Given the adverse side-effect profile of intramuscular (i.

British army air corps accidents, 1991-2010: a review of contrasting decades.

Introduction: Accident investigation and review are important not only to attribute failure modes, but also mitigate risk, improve safety, and enhance capability. It was hypothesized that an interesting perspective on British Army Air Corps (AAC) rotary-wing (RW) accidents may be garnered by contrasting data from the previous two decades with a general operational (OP) shift from European theaters of conflict to operations in Southwest Asia.

Methods: AAC mishaps for the period from January 1991 through December 2010 were reviewed within an air safety management system.

Fatigue assessment: subjective peer-to-peer fatigue scoring.

Introduction: Fatigue is a complex entity with contributing factors that may include insufficient sleep, circadian dysrhythmia, high workload, extended duty periods, clinical sleep pathology, psychosocial aspects, environmental factors, and many others. It can contribute to significant performance deficits and crucial safety lapses. Despite maximal implementation of accepted techniques and best practices for mitigation strategies, the deployed military rotary-wing (RW) environment must still contend with substantial fatigue-related issues among aircrew.

Hypoxic hypoxia at moderate altitudes: review of the state of the science.

Unpressurized aircraft routinely operate at altitudes where hypoxia may be of concern. A systematic literature review was conducted regarding hypoxic impairment, including mental functions, sensory deficits, and other pertinent research findings that may affect aviation-related duties at moderate altitude (8000 to 15,000 ft/2438 to 4572 m). The results of this review suggest that cognitive and psychomotor deficits may include learning, reaction time, decision-making, and certain types of memory.

Low back pain: considerations for rotary-wing aircrew.

Low back pain remains a significant issue among helicopter aircrew. There is a considerable body of scientific literature devoted to the problem, including epidemiologic and experimental studies addressing prevalence, characteristics, primary etiology, and contributing factors. It is endemic and multinational, with a prevalence ranging from 50-92%.

Ten years of spatial disorientation in U.S. Army rotary-wing operations.

Introduction: Spatial disorientation (SD) has plagued aviation since its inception, contributing to numerous lost lives, destroyed or damaged aircraft, and a reduction in operational mission effectiveness. Military rotary-wing (RW) operations are not immune. The U.

Aquaculture: Environmental, toxicological, and health issues.

Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing food-producing sectors, supplying approximately 40% of the world's fish food. Besides such benefit to the society, the industry does have its problems. There are occupational hazards and safety concerns in the aquaculture industry.