Background: Difficult airway management (DAM) presents a complex array of challenges inherent in establishing and maintaining a patient's airway during medical procedures or emergencies. Consequences of compromised DAM are profound, ranging from hypoxia, and aspiration, to cardiac arrest. Despite the ongoing progress and innovation in airway management, DAM remains a significant clinical challenge.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Exercise pulmonary hypertension (exercise PH) was defined by a mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP)/cardiac output (CO) slope >3 mmHg·L·min between rest and exercise in the 2022 ESC/ERS PH guidelines. However, large, multi-center studies on the prognostic relevance of exercise hemodynamics and its added value to resting hemodynamics are missing.
Patients And Methods: The PEX-NET (Pulmonary Hemodynamics during Exercise Network) registry enrolled patients who underwent clinically indicated right heart catheterizations both at rest and ergometer exercise from 23 PH-centers worldwide.
The discrimination between pre and postcapillary exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension relies on accurate measurement of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, which can be unreliable. We found that exercise pulmonary artery compliance and right atrial pressure (AUC 0.88, 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Sedation in mechanically ventilated adults in the intensive care unit (ICU) is commonly achieved with intravenous infusions of propofol, dexmedetomidine or benzodiazepines. Significant limitations associated with each can impact their usage. Inhaled isoflurane has potential benefit for ICU sedation due to its safety record, sedation profile, lack of metabolism and accumulation, and fast wake-up time.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChest X-rays (CXRs) are primarily used to detect lung lesions. While the abdominal portion of CXRs can sometimes reveal critical conditions, research in this area is limited. To address this, we introduce a two-stage architecture that separates the abdominal region from the CXR and detects abdominal lesions using a specialized dataset.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Peak oxygen uptake (pVO) predicts mortality in patients with heart failure on left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support. This follow-up of the PRO-VAD study examines the prognostic value of repeated pVO measurements during long-term follow-up.
Methods: This multicenter follow-up study included patients from the original PRO-VAD cohort who performed a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) twice.
Background: Ineffective right ventricular (RV) adaptation to increasing pulmonary arterial (PA) afterload in pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality. Pulmonary vascular disease in systemic sclerosis (SSc) arises through various mechanisms, yet detecting abnormal contractile response remains challenging. Here we examine whether echocardiographic RV-PA coupling metrics correlate with invasive pressure-volume (PV) loops, enhancing the prediction of adverse clinical outcomes in SSc-PVD patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNumerous studies have demonstrated that endostatin (ES), a potent angiostatic peptide derived from collagen type XVIII α 1 chain and encoded by , is elevated in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). It is important to note that elevated ES has consistently been associated with altered hemodynamics, poor functional status, and adverse outcomes in adult and pediatric PAH. This study used serum samples from patients with Group I PAH and plasma and tissue samples derived from the Sugen/hypoxia rat pulmonary hypertension model to define associations between /ES and disease development, including hemodynamics, right ventricle (RV) remodeling, and RV dysfunction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterised by poor exercise tolerance. The contribution of right ventricular (RV) diastolic function to the augmentation of cardiac output during exercise is not known. This study leverages pressure-volume (-) loop analysis to characterise the impact of RV diastology on poor flow augmentation during exercise in PAH.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a leading cause of death in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). An important component of SSc patient management is early detection and treatment of PH. Recently the threshold for the diagnosis of PH has been lowered to a mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) threshold of > 20 mmHg on right heart catheterization (RHC).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Black heart transplant patients are at higher risk of acute rejection (AR) and death than White patients. We hypothesized that this risk may be associated with higher levels of donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) and cell-free mitochondrial DNA.
Methods: The Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation is a multicenter, prospective, longitudinal cohort study.
Background: The Heartmate 3 (HM3) risk score (HM3RS) was derived and validated internally from within the Multicenter Study of MagLev Technology in Patients Undergoing Mechanical Circulatory Support Therapy with HeartMate 3 (MOMENTUM 3) trial population and provides 1- and 2-year mortality risk prediction for patients in those before HM3 left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. We aimed to evaluate the HM3RS in nontrial unselected patients, including those not meeting inclusion criteria for MOMENTUM 3 trial enrollment.
Methods: Patients who underwent HM3 LVAD implant at 1 of 7 US centers between 2017 and 2021, with at least 1-year follow-up, were included in this analysis.
Background: Detecting right heart failure post left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is challenging. Sensitive pressure-volume loop assessments of right ventricle (RV) contractility may improve our appreciation of post-LVAD RV dysfunction.
Methods: Thirteen LVAD patients and 20 reference (non-LVAD) subjects underwent comparison of echocardiographic, right heart cath hemodynamic, and pressure-volume loop-derived assessments of RV contractility using end-systolic elastance (Ees), RV afterload by effective arterial elastance (Ea), and RV-pulmonary arterial coupling (ratio of Ees/Ea).
Background: Right ventricular (RV) contractile dysfunction commonly occurs and worsens outcomes in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and pulmonary hypertension (HFrEF-PH). However, such dysfunction often goes undetected by standard clinical RV indices, raising concerns that they may not reflect aspects of underlying myocyte dysfunction. We thus sought to characterize RV myocyte contractile depression in HFrEF-PH, identify those components reflected by clinical RV indices, and uncover underlying biophysical mechanisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol
June 2023
Right ventricular (RV) adaptation is the principal determinant of outcomes in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), however, RV function is challenging to assess. RV responses to hemodynamic stressors are particularly difficult to interrogate without invasive testing. This study sought to identify metabolomic markers of in vivo right ventricular function and exercise performance in PAH.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRationale: Right ventricular (RV) contractile dysfunction commonly occurs and worsens outcomes in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction and pulmonary hypertension (HFrEF-PH). However, such dysfunction often goes undetected by standard clinical RV indices, raising concerns that they may not reflect aspects of underlying myocyte dysfunction.
Objective: To determine components of myocyte contractile depression in HFrEF-PH, identify those reflected by clinical RV indices, and elucidate their underlying biophysical mechanisms.
Cardiol Clin
November 2022
Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is characterized by an inability of the heart to perfuse the body without pathologic increases in filling pressure at rest or during exertion. Right heart catheterization provides direct assessment for HF, providing the most robust and direct method to evaluate the central hemodynamic abnormalities, and serves as the gold standard to confirm or refute the presence of HFpEF. This article reviews current understanding of the best practices in the performance and interpretation of hemodynamic assessment, relates important pathophysiologic concepts to clinical care, and discusses current and evidence-based applications of hemodynamics in HFpEF.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLate right heart failure (LRHF) following left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation remains poorly characterized and challenging to predict. We performed a multicenter retrospective study of LRHF in 237 consecutive adult LVAD patients, in which LRHF was defined according to the 2020 Mechanical Circulatory Support Academic Research Consortium guidelines. Clinical and hemodynamic variables were assessed pre- and post-implant.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo date, it remains unclear whether recent changes in the management of patients with systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary hypertension (SSc-PH) have improved survival. To describe a cohort of patients with SSc-PH and compare their characteristics and survival between the last two decades. Patients with SSc-PH prospectively enrolled in the Johns Hopkins Pulmonary Hypertension Center Registry were grouped into two cohorts based on the date of diagnostic right heart catheterization: cohort A included patients whose disease was diagnosed between 1999 and 2010, and cohort B included those whose disease was diagnosed between 2010 and 2021.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Heart Lung Transplant
December 2022
Background: Early right heart failure (RHF) remains a major source of morbidity and mortality after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation, yet efforts to predict early RHF have proven only modestly successful. Pharmacologic unloading of the left ventricle may be a risk stratification approach allowing for assessment of right ventricular and hemodynamic reserve.
Methods: We performed a multicenter, retrospective analysis of patients who had undergone continuous-flow LVAD implantation from October 2011 to April 2020.