Comparison of hand-sewn and oversewn stapled jejunojejunal anastomoses in horses.

The objective of this study was to compare the biomechanical properties of hand-sewn jejunojejunal anastomoses to those of oversewn stapled jejunojejunal anastomoses. Jejunojejunal anastomoses were constructed from harvested jejunal segments using a single-layer Lembert technique (1HS), double-layer simple continuous/Cushing technique (2HS), stapled side-to-side technique oversewn with Cushing pattern (SS), and closed 1-stage stapled functional end-to-end technique oversewn with Cushing pattern (FEE). Anastomosed segments were distended with fluid until the point of biomechanical failure.

Effect of Arthroscopic Lavage on Systemic and Synovial Fluid Serum Amyloid A in Healthy Horses.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of arthroscopic lavage on systemic serum amyloid A (SAA) and SAA, total protein, nucleated cell count, and percentage of neutrophils in synovial fluid in healthy horses.

Study Design: Prospective experimental study.

Animals: Healthy adult horses (n = 6).

Effect of sample pooling and transport conditions on the clinical sensitivity of a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis in preputial samples from bulls.

The diagnosis of bovine genital campylobacteriosis (BGC) presents significant challenges, as traditional methods lack sensitivity when prolonged transport of samples is required. Assays of preputial samples by means of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) provide good sensitivity and high throughput capabilities. However, there is limited information on the acceptable duration of transport and temperature during transport of samples.

Survey of Saskatchewan beef cattle producers regarding management practices and veterinary service usage.

Saskatchewan cow-calf producers (n = 2000) were surveyed to determine what factors were associated with their uptake of veterinary services; how and where they access nutritional information and animal health advice; and whether they were comfortable with having non-veterinarians perform veterinary procedures. The survey response rate was 18.1%.

Clinical sensitivity and specificity of a real-time PCR assay for Campylobacter fetus subsp venerealis in preputial samples from bulls.

Objective: To determine clinical sensitivity and specificity of a quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay for Campylobacter fetus subsp venerealis (Cfv) in preputial samples of bulls.

Animals: 313 beef bulls.

Procedures: Preputial samples were collected from 300 virgin bulls and 13 Cfv-infected bulls.

Ex vivo comparison of the biomechanical properties of hand-sewn and stapled jejunoileal anastomoses in horses.

Objective: To compare bursting strength, construction time, and anastomotic dimensions of 4 jejunoileal anastomotic techniques.

Study Design: Experimental ex vivo study.

Animals: Adult horses (n = 12).

Use of pooled protozoal cultures of preputial scraping samples obtained from bulls for the detection of Tritrichomonas foetus by means of a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay.

Objective: To determine the sensitivity of a real-time PCR assay for the detection of Tritrichomonas foetus in protozoal cultures of preputial scraping samples pooled from up to 25 bulls and to determine the specificity of that assay for detection of T foetus in cultures for individual animals.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Animals: 188 bulls and 150 steers.

The effect of antimicrobial treatment and preventive strategies on bovine respiratory disease and genetic relatedness and antimicrobial resistance of Mycoplasma bovis isolates in a western Canadian feedlot.

Feedlot calves (n = 3784) were systematically randomized and allocated in a 2 × 2 factorial study to receive metaphylactic oxytetracycline (OTC) on arrival or no antimicrobial, as well as florfenicol once subcutaneously or twice intramuscularly (48 h apart) if diagnosed with bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Calves of different treatment groups were comingled and followed from placement to re-implantation (~100 days). Animals receiving OTC had a reduced risk of BRD, an increased risk of arthritis, and no significant differences in average daily gain, BRD relapse, overall mortality, or BRD mortality.

Isolation rates of Campylobacter fetus subsp venerealis from bovine preputial samples via passive filtration on nonselective medium versus selective medium, with and without transport medium.

Objective: To compare the recovery rates of Campylobacter fetus subsp venerealis (Cfv) from preputial scrapings of infected bulls with passive filtration on selective medium versus nonselective medium, with and without transport medium.

Samples: 217 preputial scrapings from 12 bulls (4 naturally and 8 artificially infected with Cfv).

Procedures: Preputial scrapings were collected in 2 mL of PBS solution and bacteriologically cultured directly on Skirrow medium or passively filtered through 0.

Risk factors for herds to test positive for Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis-antibodies with a commercial milk enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in Ontario and western Canada.

The objectives of this study were to identify risk factors associated with i) a Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP)-antibody milk enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAP milk ELISA)-positive herd status, and ii) the within-herd MAP milk ELISA-positive prevalence in Canadian dairy herds. This prospective cohort study was conducted between 2005 and 2009 on 226 herds in Ontario and western Canada, which participated in a voluntary risk assessment (RA)-based Johne's disease control program.

Evaluation of a Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for direct analysis of bovine preputial samples.

The detection and subspeciation of Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis (CFV) from veterinary samples is important for both clinical and economic reasons. Campylobacter fetus subsp.

Sand impactions in a Saskatchewan beef cow-calf herd.

Forty beef cows were reported to show signs of abdominal pain and discomfort over a period of 1 wk. Two of the affected animals died and on postmortem examination were found to be impacted with sand in their abomasum and small intestines. Sand-laden barley silage was found to be the cause of these impactions.

A comparison of florfenicol-flunixin meglumine versus tulathromycin for the treatment of undifferentiated fever in fall-placed feedlot calves.

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of a new combination drug, florfenicol-flunixin meglumine, with tulathromycin for initial treatment of undifferentiated fever (UF) in fall-placed calves that received metaphylactic tilmicosin on arrival at the feedlot. No significant differences were observed in UF relapses between the two drugs. Calves treated with florfenicol-flunixin had a lower crude case fatality rate (P = .

The behavioral assessment and alleviation of pain associated with castration in beef calves treated with flunixin meglumine and caudal lidocaine epidural anesthesia with epinephrine.

The objectives of this study were 1) to determine the effects of flunixin megulmine in combination with caudal epidural anesthesia as a postoperative analgesic in beef calves following surgical castration, and 2) to consider stride length and pedometry as potential behavioral assessment tools for detecting postcastration pain. Surgical castration was performed in 101 beef calves randomly assigned to 3 treatment subgroups: 1) castration without anesthesia (SURG); 2) castration following lidocaine with epinephrine caudal epidural anesthesia (SURG + EPI); 3) castration following lidocaine with epinephrine caudal epidural anesthesia and flunixin meglumine (SURG + EPI + F). Several outcomes, including pedometer counts, changes in stride length, subjective visual assessment of pain, instantaneous scan sampling of the calves' postoperative activities, and the amount of movement and vocalization during the castration procedure, were measured to identify and quantify pain.

Comparison of milk culture, direct and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with fecal culture based on samples from dairy herds infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiologic agent of Johne's disease in cattle and other farm ruminants, and is also a suspected pathogen of Crohn's disease in humans. Development of diagnostic methods for MAP infection has been a challenge over the last few decades.

Comparative efficacy of tilmicosin versus tulathromycin as a metaphylactic antimicrobial in feedlot calves at moderate risk for respiratory disease.

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of tilmicosin (MIC) versus tulathromycin (DRAX) as a metaphylactic antimicrobial in feedlot calves at moderate risk for bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Calves that received DRAX had significantly (P < or = .05) lower initial BRD treatment rates compared with calves that received MIC.

Comparison of florfenicol and tulathromycin for the treatment of undifferentiated fever in Alberta feedlot calves.

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of florfenicol versus tulathromycin for initial treatment of undifferentiated fever in fall-placed steer calves that received metaphylactic tilmicosin on arrival at the feedlot. No significant differences (P > .10) were observed in undifferentiated fever relapses or the crude case fatality rate.

Biomechanical comparison of six suture configurations using a large diameter polyester prosthesis in the muscular process of the equine arytenoid cartilage.

Objective: To compare biomechanical properties of 6 suture configurations using a large diameter polyester prosthesis in the muscular process (MP) of the arytenoid cartilage and to determine failure mode.

Study Design: Experimental study.

Sample Population: Cadaveric equine larynges (n=121).

Fibrotic lesions in the testis of bulls and relationship to semen quality.

Ultrasonography of the testes was done in bulls at three locations in western Canada (n=325) and one in Argentina (n=387) to determine the prevalence of fibrotic lesions and to examine the relationship between fibrotic lesions and location, age, breed, right compared with left testes, testis size and semen quality. Fibrotic lesions were common in the testes of bulls raised under intensive rearing conditions in western Canada as well as in the more extensive rearing conditions of Argentina. Fibrotic lesions appeared as early as 5-6 months of age and the number of cases continued to increase until at least 12-14 months of age.

Monensin might protect Ontario, Canada dairy cows from paratuberculosis milk-ELISA positivity.

Our objective was to define the role of monensin sodium in protecting cows from being milk-ELISA positive for paratuberculosis in Ontario, Canada dairy herds. In total, 4933 dairy cows from 94 herds were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Forty-four of the enrolled herds were selected purposively by their herd veterinarian and another 50 herds were randomly selected from a local milk production-recording agency.

Open versus laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a comparative study of over 25,000 open cases and the major laparoscopic bariatric reported series.

Background: Laparoscopic bariatric surgery has experienced a rapid expansion of interest over the past 5 years, with a 470% increase. This rapid expansion has markedly increased overall cost, reducing surgical access. Many surgeons believe that the traditional open approach is a cheaper, safer, equally effective alternative.

Efficacy of monensin sodium for the reduction of fecal shedding of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in infected dairy cattle.

Reducing the quantity of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) being shed by cows with Johne's disease should decrease the risk of spread of this disease to young stock. Previous work has suggested that monensin sodium decreases the pathologic lesions associated with Johne's disease, but the impact on shedding of viable MAP remains unknown.

The prevalence of milk and serum antibodies to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in dairy herds in Ontario.

This study randomly surveyed 50 dairy herds in Ontario; 18% and 30% of herds had 2 or more milk or serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-positive cows, respectively. The apparent cow level prevalence was 1.7% and 2.

Effect of paratuberculosis on culling, milk production, and milk quality in dairy herds.

Objective: To determine the effect of paratuberculosis on culling, milk production, and milk quality in infected dairy herds.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Animals: 689 lactating dairy cows in 9 herds.

Evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays performed on milk and serum samples for detection of paratuberculosis in lactating dairy cows.

Objective: To determine whether results obtained for milk and serum samples with ELISAs intended for diagnosis of paratuberculosis in dairy cows were comparable to results obtained by means of mycobacterial culture of fecal samples.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Animals: 689 lactating dairy cows in 9 Ontario herds.