Metaproteomic Analysis of an Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Dataset Suggests Diagnostic Potential of the Mycobiome.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common head and neck malignancy, with an estimated 5-year survival rate of only 40-50%, largely due to late detection and diagnosis. Emerging evidence suggests that the human microbiome may be implicated in OSCC, with oral microbiome studies putatively identifying relevant bacterial species. As the impact of other microbial organisms, such as fungi and viruses, has largely been neglected, a bioinformatic approach utilizing the Trans-Proteomic Pipeline (TPP) and the R statistical programming language was implemented here to investigate not only bacteria, but also viruses and fungi in the context of a publicly available, OSCC, mass spectrometry (MS) dataset.

A nurse-led intervention to reduce the incidence and duration of delirium among adults admitted to intensive care: A stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial.

Background: Delirium is an acute change in behaviour, characterised by a fluctuating course, inattention, and disorganised thinking. For critically ill adults in the intensive care, the incidence of delirium has been reported to be at least 30% and is associated with both short-term and long-term complications, longer hospital stay, increased risk of mortality, and long-term cognitive problems.

Aim: The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a nurse-led delirium-prevention protocol in reducing the incidence and duration of delirium among adults admitted to intensive care.

The Prevent Alcohol and Risk-Related Trauma in Youth (P.A.R.T.Y) program: An interactive injury prevention initiative in South-Western Sydney.

Background: The Prevent Alcohol and Risk Related Trauma in Youth (P.A.R.

Bioinformatic Analysis to Investigate Metaproteome Composition Using Trans-Proteomic Pipeline.

With evidence emerging that the microbiome has a role in the onset of many human diseases, including cancer, analyzing these microbial communities and their proteins (i.e., the metaproteome) has become a powerful research tool.

Does delirium prevention reduce risk of in-patient falls among older adults? A systematic review and trial sequential meta-analysis.

Objectives: To determine whether delirium prevention interventions reduce the risk of falls among older hospitalised patients.

Methods: A systematic search of health-care databases was undertaken. Given the frequency of small sample sized trials, a trial sequential meta-analysis was conducted to present estimate summary effects to date.

Frailty among older surgical patients and risk of hospital acquired adverse events: The South-Western Sydney frailty and nurse sensitive indicators study.

Background: While advances in healthcare mean people are living longer, increasing frailty is a potential consequence of this. The relationship between frailty among older surgical patients and hospital acquired adverse events has not been extensively explored. We sought to describe the relationship between increasing frailty among older surgical patients and the risk of hospital acquired adverse events.

An introduction to Bayes' theorem and examples of its application to a diagnostic test and a clinical trial.

Background: The Bayesian approach to updating scientific knowledge involves using a probability distribution to describe a prior belief concerning an outcome of interest and combines this with some new information to create a posterior probability distribution to describe the updated current knowledge.

Aim: To introduce the application of Bayes' theorem, using the conditional probability example of the Monty Hall problem and two examples of the clinical application of a Bayesian approach.

Discussion: Bayesian approaches enable the incorporation of prior knowledge into the interpretation of research findings and summaries of evidence to date.

Proliferation and Apoptosis Pathways and Factors in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Oral cancer is the most common form of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and most frequently presents as oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which is associated with an alarmingly high mortality rate. Internationally, a plethora of research to further our understanding of the molecular pathways related to oral cancer is performed. This research is of value for early diagnosis, prognosis, and the investigation of new drugs that can ameliorate the harmful effects of oral cancer and provide optimal patient outcomes with minimal long-term complications.

Feasibility, Acceptability, and Psychosocial Outcomes of a Mindfulness-Based Interactive e-Book for Young People with Cancer.

Receiving a cancer diagnosis for young people is likely to adversely impact the individual's quality of life. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are an emerging strategy used to improve psychosocial well-being. However, challenges have been reported in relation to adherence and accessibility of face-to-face mindfulness programs among young people.

Silk fibroin photo-lyogels containing microchannels as a biomaterial platform for tissue engineering.

The biophysical properties of biomaterials are key to directing the biological responses and biomaterial integration and function in in situ tissue engineering approaches. We present silk photo-lyogels, a biomaterial format fabricated using a new combinatorial approach involving photo-initiated crosslinking of silk fibroin via di-tyrosine bonds followed by lyophilization to generate 3D, porous lyogels showing physical properties distinct to those of lyophilized silk sponges or silk hydrogels. This fabrication approach allowed introduction of microchannels into 3D constructs via biofabrication approaches involving silk crosslinking around an array of 3D printed photocurable resin pillars to generate parallel channels or around a 3D printed sacrificial thermosensitive gel to generate interconnected channels in a rapid manner and without the need for chemical modification of silk fibroin.

Clinician vs Self-ratings of Hirsutism in Patients With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Associations With Quality of Life and Depression.

Importance: Qualitative evidence suggests that hirsutism inflicts significant negative impacts on quality of life and may be associated with depression. Quantitative research is essential to determine best practices in caring for hirsute patients.

Objective: To quantify quality-of-life impact of hirsutism and evaluate how the degree of hirsutism (as assessed by patients and clinicians) is associated with quality of life and depressive symptoms.

Cutaneous granulomas in the setting of primary immunodeficiency: a report of four cases and review of the literature.

Importance: Cutaneous granulomas without an identifiable infectious etiology are a rare manifestation of primary immunodeficiency (ID). These cutaneous lesions can be misdiagnosed, often as sarcoidosis, when the skin findings precede the diagnosis of immunodeficiency.

Objective: We present four cases from our institution and review the literature in order to emphasize the clinical relevance of this association, discuss the histologic and immunohistochemical features, and explore possible pathogenic mechanisms of granuloma formation.

Self-reported pigmentary phenotypes and race are significant but incomplete predictors of Fitzpatrick skin phototype in an ethnically diverse population.

Background: Fitzpatrick skin phototype (FSPT) is the most common method used to assess sunburn risk and is an independent predictor of skin cancer risk. Because of a conventional assumption that FSPT is predictable based on pigmentary phenotypes, physicians frequently estimate FSPT based on patient appearance.

Objective: We sought to determine the degree to which self-reported race and pigmentary phenotypes are predictive of FSPT in a large, ethnically diverse population.

A primer on the current state of microarray technologies.

DNA microarray technology has been used for genome-wide gene expression studies that incorporate molecular genetics and computer science analyses on massive levels. The availability of microarrays permit the simultaneous analysis of tens of thousands of genes for the purposes of gene discovery, disease diagnosis, improved drug development, and therapeutics tailored to specific disease processes. In this chapter, we provide an overview on the current state of common microarray technologies and platforms.