A universal 3D imaging sensor on a silicon photonics platform.

Accurate three-dimensional (3D) imaging is essential for machines to map and interact with the physical world. Although numerous 3D imaging technologies exist, each addressing niche applications with varying degrees of success, none has achieved the breadth of applicability and impact that digital image sensors have in the two-dimensional imaging world. A large-scale two-dimensional array of coherent detector pixels operating as a light detection and ranging system could serve as a universal 3D imaging platform.

Development and characterization of rodent cardiac phantoms: comparison with in vivo cardiac imaging.

The increasing availability of rodent models of human cardiovascular disease has led to a need to translate noninvasive imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from the clinic to the animal laboratory. The aim of this study was to develop phantoms simulating the short-axis view of left ventricular motion of rats and mice, thus reducing the need for live animals in the development of MRI. Cylindrical phantoms were moulded from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) Cryogel and attached via stiff water-filled tubing to a gear pump.

Validation of endoscopic ultrasound measured flow rate in the azygos vein using a flow phantom.

Increase in flow rate within the azygos vein may be used as an indicator of the degree of liver cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the error in measurement of flow rate using a commercial endoscopic ultrasound system, using a flow phantom that mimicked azygos vein depth, diameter and flow rate. Diameter was underestimated in all cases, with an average underestimation of 0.