A group-mediated physical activity intervention in older knee osteoarthritis patients: effects on social cognitive outcomes.

The objective of the present study was to compare a group-mediated cognitive behavioral (GMCB) physical activity intervention with traditional exercise therapy (TRAD) upon select social cognitive outcomes in sedentary knee osteoarthritis (knee OA) patients. A total of 80 patients (mean age = 63.5 years; 84% women) were recruited using clinic and community-based strategies to a 12-month, single-blind, two-arm, randomized controlled trial.

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in the MRI environment.

Maximal oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]max) measured by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) is the gold standard for assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness. Likewise, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is the gold standard for quantification of cardiac function. The combination of CPX and CMR may offer unique insights into cardiopulmonary pathophysiology; however, the MRI-compatible equipment needed to combine these tests has not been available to date.

A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study of spirulina supplementation on indices of mental and physical fatigue in men.

Spirulina may increase people's ability to resist mental and physical fatigue. This study tested that hypothesis in a randomized, double blinded, placebo controlled study in men. After 1 week, a 3 g/day dose of spirulina produced a small, but statistically significant increase in exercise output (Kcals consumed in 30 min exercise on a cross trainer machine).

Muscle damage, metabolism, and oxidative stress in mdx mice: Impact of aerobic running.

Introduction: We tested how a treadmill exercise program influences oxygen consumption, oxidative stress, and exercise capacity in the mdx mouse, a model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Methods: At age 4 weeks mdx mice were subjected to 4 weeks of twice-weekly treadmill exercise. Sedentary mdx and wild-type mice served as controls.

Affective Responses to Acute Resistance Exercise Performed at Self-Selected and Imposed Loads in Trained Women.

The purpose of this study was to examine the affective responses to acute resistance exercise (RE) performed at self-selected (SS) and imposed loads in recreationally trained women. Secondary purposes were to (a) examine differences in correlates of motivation for future participation in RE and (b) determine whether affective responses to RE were related to these select motivational correlates of RE participation. Twenty recreationally trained young women (mean age = 23 years) completed 3 RE sessions involving 3 sets of 10 repetitions using loads of 40% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM), 70% 1RM, and an SS load.

Relationship between muscle sympathetic nerve activity and aortic wave reflection characteristics in aerobic- and resistance-trained subjects.

Purpose: Increased arterial stiffness is associated with an impairment of ventricular-vascular coupling efficiency and increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. Recently, it has been suggested that an increase in arterial stiffness is associated with resistance exercise training. Therefore, the aims of this study were to compare augmentation index (AIx) and left ventricular wasted pressure energy (LVEW) as markers of arterial stiffness and ventricular-vascular coupling efficiency in young aerobic-trained (AT) and resistance (RT)-trained subjects.

VO2max Measured with a Self-selected Work Rate Protocol on an Automated Treadmill.

Purpose: The use of graded maximal exercise tests for measuring maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) is common practice in both cardiopulmonary rehabilitation settings and in sports medicine research. Recent alterations of common testing protocols to allow for self-selected work rates (SPV) have elicited V˙O2max values similar to or higher than more traditional style protocols (TP). Research is lacking in the delivery of the SPV protocol using a treadmill modality.

Reliability and validity of a wireless accelerometer for the assessment of postural sway.

Clinicians are in need of valid and objective measures of postural sway. Accelerometers have been shown to be suitable alternatives to expensive and stationary force plates. We evaluated the test-retest reliability and balance task discrimination capability of a new wireless triaxial accelerometer (YEI 3-Space Sensor).

Group-mediated physical activity promotion and mobility in sedentary patients with knee osteoarthritis: results from the IMPACT-pilot trial.

Objective: To compare the effects of a group-mediated cognitive behavioral exercise intervention (GMCB) with traditional center-based exercise therapy (TRAD) on objectively assessed levels of physical activity (PA) and mobility in sedentary patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: The Improving Maintenance of Physical Activity in Knee Osteoarthritis Trial-Pilot (IMPACT-P) was a 12-month, 2-arm, single-blind, randomized controlled pilot study designed to compare the effects of GMCB and TRAD on 80 sedentary patients with knee OA with self-reported difficulty in daily activities [mean age 63.5 yrs, 84% women, mean body mass index (BMI) 32.

Weight status and differences in mobility performance, pain symptoms, and physical activity in older, knee osteoarthritis patients.

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of functional disability among American adults. Obesity is a strong independent risk factor for OA. While research emphasizes the role of obesity in the OA-physical function relationship, the extent to which weight status impacts salient physical, health, and pain measures in older, knee OA patients is not well delineated.

Landing ground reaction forces in figure skaters and non-skaters.

Researchers and clinicians have suggested that overuse injuries to the lower back and lower extremities of figure skaters may be associated with the repeated high impact forces sustained during jump landings. Our primary aim was to compare the vertical ground reaction forces (GRFs) in freestyle figure skaters (n = 26) and non-skaters (n = 18) for the same barefoot single leg landing on a force plate from a 20 cm platform. Compared with non-skaters, skaters exhibited a significantly greater normalised peak GRF (3.

Effects of insulin resistance on skeletal muscle growth and exercise capacity in type 2 diabetic mouse models.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with an accelerated muscle loss during aging, decreased muscle function, and increased disability. To better understand the mechanisms causing this muscle deterioration in type 2 diabetes, we assessed muscle weight, exercise capacity, and biochemistry in db/db and TallyHo mice at prediabetic and overtly diabetic ages. Maximum running speeds and muscle weights were already reduced in prediabetic db/db mice when compared with lean controls and more severely reduced in the overtly diabetic db/db mice.

Resistance exercise interventions during and following cancer treatment: a systematic review.

Findings from prior systematic reviews suggest that exercise results in meaningful improvements in many clinically relevant physiologic and quality of life (QOL) outcomes during and following cancer treatment. However, the majority of exercise-cancer studies have focused upon the benefits of aerobic exercise (AE) and knowledge of the efficacy of resistance exercise (RE) alone as a supportive care intervention for cancer patients and survivors remains limited. Consequently, the purpose of this review was to provide the first systematic evaluation of the effects of RE alone upon clinically relevant physiologic and QOL outcomes during and following cancer treatment.

Associations among hemorheological factors and maximal oxygen consumption. Is there a role for blood viscosity in explaining athletic performance?

This study examined the relationship between hematocrit, blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, erythrocyte deformability, and fibrinogen concentration during maximal oxygen uptake in aerobically trained (AT) and resistance trained (RT) athletes. Maximal oxygen uptake was assessed using a Bruce graded exercise treadmill test to exhaustion, and blood samples were collected at rest and immediately following exercise using a venous catheter. Viscometric analyses were performed using a cone and plate viscometer at varying shear rates.

Crossfit-based high-intensity power training improves maximal aerobic fitness and body composition.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a crossfit-based high-intensity power training (HIPT) program on aerobic fitness and body composition. Healthy subjects of both genders (23 men, 20 women) spanning all levels of aerobic fitness and body composition completed 10 weeks of HIPT consisting of lifts such as the squat, deadlift, clean, snatch, and overhead press performed as quickly as possible. Additionally, this crossfit-based HIPT program included skill work for the improvement of traditional Olympic lifts and selected gymnastic exercises.

Knee joint kinetics in relation to commonly prescribed squat loads and depths.

Controversy exists regarding the safety and performance benefits of performing the squat exercise to depths beyond 90° of knee flexion. Our aim was to compare the net peak external knee flexion moments (pEKFM) experienced over typical ranges of squat loads and depths. Sixteen recreationally trained men (n = 16; age, 22.

Improving maintenance of physical activity in older, knee osteoarthritis patients trial-pilot (IMPACT-P): design and methods.

Promoting increased physical activity participation is now consistently advocated in the medical management of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Unfortunately, physical activity interventions targeting older knee OA patients are plagued by high attrition rates and poor long-term adherence. Consequently, identifying effective approaches for promoting maintenance of physical activity participation is integral for the successful behavioral management of knee OA.

Importance of aerobic fitness in cardiovascular risks in sedentary overweight and obese African-American women.

Background: Whether the level of aerobic fitness significantly impacts cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks in healthy, nondiabetic, overweight or obese African-American women remains uncertain.

Objective: To examine the clinical and metabolic risk factors of CVD in nondiabetic, sedentary overweight or obese African-American women with varying degrees of aerobic fitness.

Methods: Forty-eight African-American women, with mean age of 43 +/- 4.

Therapeutic ultrasound decreases mechano-growth factor messenger ribonucleic acid expression after muscle contusion injury.

Objective: To examine the influence of nonthermal ultrasound on mechano-growth factor (MGF) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression after blunt trauma.

Design: A 2x4 factorial multivariate analysis of variance design.

Setting: University research laboratory.

Aerobic exercise improves cardiorespiratory fitness but does not reduce blood pressure in prehypertensive African American women.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of a 10-week aerobic exercise training intervention on blood pressure, cardiorespiratory fitness, and workload in African American women with prehypertension.

Design: After we obtained informed consent and medical clearance, each participant underwent baseline measurements, an aerobic exercise-training regimen, and postintervention assessments.

Setting: This investigation took place in Columbus, Ohio, on the campus of The Ohio State University.

Ingestion of starch-rich meals after exercise increases glucose kinetics but fails to enhance muscle glycogen replenishment in horses.

Fatiguing exercise substantially decreases muscle glycogen concentration in horses, impairing athletic performance in subsequent exercise bouts. Our objective was to determine the effect of ingestion of starch-rich meals after exercise on whole body glucose kinetics and muscle glycogen replenishment. In a randomized, cross-over study seven horses with exercise-induced muscle glycogen depletion were either not fed for 8 h, fed half of the daily energy requirements ( approximately 15 Mcal DE) as hay, or fed an isocaloric amount of corn 15 min and 4 h after exercise.

A comparison of military circumference equations to skinfold-based equations to estimate body composition.

Unlabelled: Circumference-based military equations (CBEs) were compared with a skinfold-based equation (SBE) to estimate body fat.

Objective: We determined the correlation between CBEs and SBE, evaluated the efficacy of CBE methods, and examined the difference in methods to identify noncompliant personnel. Circumference and skinfold measurements were taken in sequential order for 1,191 male civil service employees (37.

Effects of functional electric stimulation cycle ergometry training on lower limb musculature in acute sci individuals.

The purpose of this study was to compare three different intervals for a between sets rest period during a common isokinetic knee extension strength-testing protocol of twenty older Brazilian men (66.30 ± 3.92 yrs).

Nonthermal ultrasound and exercise in skeletal muscle regeneration.

Objective: To determine whether continuous nonthermal therapeutic ultrasound (US) and low-intensity exercise (Ex) influence skeletal muscle regeneration after a standardized contusion injury in an animal model.

Design: Randomized controlled trial with blinded comparisons in a 2 x 2 factorial (US by Ex) design.

Setting: Animal care facility and exercise physiology biochemistry laboratory.

Age-related changes in metabolic properties of equine skeletal muscle associated with muscle plasticity.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the age-related changes in myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition and muscle oxidative and glycolytic capacity in 18 horses ranging in age from two to 30 years. Muscle samples were collected by excisional biopsy of the semimebranosus muscle. MHC expression and the key enzymatic activities were measured.