Mapping context of sedentary behaviour in older adults who are prefrail and frail: an analysis of secondary outcomes from a longitudinal study (MAPS-B).

Objectives: To map the context of sedentary behaviour in older adults who are prefrail and frail during the winter and spring over 3 days (2 weekdays and 1 weekend) and to determine if certain types of sedentary behaviours are associated with health outcomes.

Design: Mixed methods, prospective longitudinal cohort study.

Setting: Community-dwelling older adults living in southern Ontario, Canada.

What's in a Message? Effects of Mental Fatigue and Message Framing on Motivation for Physical Activity.

Many adults worldwide do not meet current physical activity (PA) guidelines. Mental fatigue decreases the likelihood of choosing to engage in PA. Message framing may enhance PA motivation when fatigued.

Implementation of back to living well, a community-based program for the tertiary prevention of low back pain: a study protocol.

Background: The current literature supports the effectiveness of exercise, education, and self-management interventions for the long-term management of persistent low back pain. However, there is significant uncertainty about the implementation of interventions related to barriers, facilitators, and patient's preferences. This study will evaluate the Back to Living Well program implementation from a participant and organizational perspective.

Exploring the perspectives of older adults who are pre-frail and frail to identify interventions to reduce sedentary behaviour and improve mobility: a thematic content analysis.

Older adults who are frail are one of the most sedentary and the least physically active age groups. Prolonged sedentary time is associated with increased risk of negative health outcomes. To help design effective and sustainable content and optimize the uptake of sedentary behaviour interventions, an in-depth understanding of older adults' perceptions of sedentary behaviour is needed; however, most qualitative studies have been conducted in healthy older adults.

Mapping sedentary behaviour (MAPS-B) in winter and spring using wearable sensors, indoor positioning systems, and diaries in older adults who are pre-frail and frail: A feasibility longitudinal study.

Older adults who are frail are likely to be sedentary. Prior interventions to reduce sedentary time in older adults have not been effective as there is little research about the context of sedentary behaviour (posture, location, purpose, social environment). Moreover, there is limited evidence on feasible measures to assess context of sedentary behaviour in older adults.

The contribution and interplay of implicit and explicit processes on physical activity behavior: empirical testing of the physical activity adoption and maintenance (PAAM) model.

The adoption and maintenance of physical activity (PA) is an important health behavior. This paper presents the first comprehensive empirical test of the Physical Activity Adoption and Maintenance (PAAM) model, which proposes that a combination of explicit (e.g.

Investigating real-time physical activity behavior using ecological momentary assessment: Effects of mental fatigue and benefit-cost valuations.

Background: Current research investigating the relationship between mental fatigue and physical activity behaviors relies on laboratory-based, experimental studies which lack ecological validity.

Objective: This study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to assess feelings of mental fatigue and subjective evaluations (benefits and costs) as predictors of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity in the everyday lives of young adults.

Methods: One hundred participants (n = 22 males, n = 78 females, M = 20.

Computational pharmacogenotype extraction from clinical next-generation sequencing.

Background: Next-generation sequencing (NGS), including whole genome sequencing (WGS) and whole exome sequencing (WES), is increasingly being used for clinic care. While NGS data have the potential to be repurposed to support clinical pharmacogenomics (PGx), current computational approaches have not been widely validated using clinical data. In this study, we assessed the accuracy of the Aldy computational method to extract PGx genotypes from WGS and WES data for 14 and 13 major pharmacogenes, respectively.

The Geras virtual frailty rehabilitation program to build resilience in older adults with frailty during COVID-19: a randomized feasibility trial.

Background: The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has exacerbated the risk for poor physical and mental health outcomes among vulnerable older adults. Multicomponent interventions could potentially prevent or reduce the risk of becoming frail; however, there is limited evidence about utilizing alternative modes of delivery where access to in-person care may be challenging. This randomized feasibility trial aimed to understand how a multicomponent rehabilitation program can be delivered remotely to vulnerable older adults with frailty during the pandemic.

Physical Activity Trajectories in Early Childhood: Investigating Personal, Environmental, and Participation Factors.

Introduction/purpose: To determine personal, environmental, and participation factors that predict children's physical activity (PA) trajectories from preschool through to school years.

Methods: Two hundred seventy-nine children (4.5 ± 0.

Is It Really Worth the Effort? Examining the Effects of Mental Fatigue on Physical Activity Effort Discounting.

Physical activity (PA) guidelines are informed by epidemiological evidence but do not account for people's motivation for exerting physical effort. Previous research has shown that people are less motivated to engage in moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA when fatigued. In a two-study series, we investigated how intensity and duration affected people's willingness to engage in PA using an effort-discounting paradigm.

Understanding Changes in Adolescent Physical Activity Behaviors and Cognitions Prior to and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Despite accumulating evidence that has found significant negative declines in physical activity (PA) as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, little work has sought to understand how PA cognitions have changed during this period and in relation to behavior change during the pandemic. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the changes in adolescents' PA behaviors and cognitions associated with COVID-19 and prospective predictors of PA using the Multi-Process Action Control (M-PAC) framework. Adolescents were recruited from a large school board and a total of 588 participants (M = 15.

Initial Phase I Safety Study of Gedatolisib plus Cofetuzumab Pelidotin for Patients with Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Purpose: The PI3K pathway is dysregulated in the majority of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC), yet single-agent inhibition of PI3K has been ineffective in TNBC. PI3K inhibition leads to an immediate compensatory upregulation of the Wnt pathway. Dual targeting of both pathways is highly synergistic against TNBC models in vitro and in vivo.

Analytical Validation of a Computational Method for Pharmacogenetic Genotyping from Clinical Whole Exome Sequencing.

Germline whole exome sequencing from molecular tumor boards has the potential to be repurposed to support clinical pharmacogenomics. However, accurately calling pharmacogenomics-relevant genotypes from exome sequencing data remains challenging. Accordingly, this study assessed the analytical validity of the computational tool, Aldy, in calling pharmacogenomics-relevant genotypes from exome sequencing data for 13 major pharmacogenes.

Preschool to School-Age Physical Activity Trajectories and School-Age Physical Literacy: A Longitudinal Analysis.

Purpose: The associations between longitudinal physical activity (PA) patterns across childhood and physical literacy have not been studied. The purpose of this study was to identify PA trajectories from preschool to school-age, and to determine if trajectory group membership was associated with school-age physical literacy.

Methods: Participants (n = 279, 4.

Modelling the disappearance of coarse woody debris, following a land clearing event.

Background: Land clearing generates coarse woody debris (CWD), much of which ultimately becomes atmospheric CO. Schemes for greenhouse gas accounting must consider the contribution from land clearing, but the timing of the contribution will have large uncertainty, due to a paucity of knowledge about the rate of CWD disappearance. To better understand above-ground CWD disappearance following a land clearing event-through the actions of microorganisms, invertebrates, wildfire, or deliberate burning-we combined statistical modelling with an archive of semi-quantitative observations (units of CWD %), made within Queensland, Australia.

Investigating the Effects of Mental Fatigue on Resistance Exercise Performance.

Mental fatigue can impart negative effects on subsequent physical performance, although the mechanisms underlying these effects are not well understood. This study examined whether mental fatigue confers negative carryover effects on the performance of a set of biceps curls, while also investigating physiological and psychological mechanisms proposed to explain the predicted effect. A randomized, cross-over design was employed.

Potential Utility of Pre-Emptive Germline Pharmacogenetics in Breast Cancer.

Patients with breast cancer often receive many drugs to manage the cancer, side effects associated with cancer treatment, and co-morbidities (i.e., polypharmacy).

Effects of dance on cognitive function in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: dance is a mind-body activity that stimulates neuroplasticity. We explored the effect of dance on cognitive function in older adults.

Methods: we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL and PsycInfo databases from inception to August 2020 (PROSPERO:CRD42017057138).

Measurement properties of the Physical Literacy Assessment for Youth (PLAY) Tools.

The Physical Literacy Assessment for Youth (PLAY) Tools are a suite of tools to assess an individual's physical literacy. The purpose of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the PLAY Tools, including inter-rater reliability, internal consistency, validity and the associations between the tools. In this study, 218 children and youth (aged 8.

Physical Literacy, Physical Activity, and Health Indicators in School-Age Children.

It has been theorized that physical literacy is associated with physical activity and health. The purpose of this study is to investigate the associations between physical literacy and health, and if this relationship is mediated by moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Two hundred and twenty-two children (113 girls, 10.

Effects of Peer Encouragement on Efficacy Perceptions and Physical Performance in Children.

Social interactions are theorized to inform relation-inferred self-efficacy (RISE), which, in turn, may influence self-efficacy and behavior. This study investigated the effects of peer encouragement on RISE, task self-efficacy, and physical performance. Children (N = 84) were assigned to dyads and randomized to provide peer encouragement to one another or not (control group).

Author Correction: Evaluation of molecular subtypes and clonal selection during establishment of patient-derived tumor xenografts from gastric adenocarcinoma.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Evaluation of molecular subtypes and clonal selection during establishment of patient-derived tumor xenografts from gastric adenocarcinoma.

Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) have emerged as an important translational research tool for understanding tumor biology and enabling drug efficacy testing. They are established by transfer of patient tumor into immune compromised mice with the intent of using them as Avatars; operating under the assumption that they closely resemble patient tumors. In this study, we established 27 PDX from 100 resected gastric cancers and studied their fidelity in histological and molecular subtypes.

Molecular dissection of CRC primary tumors and their matched liver metastases reveals critical role of immune microenvironment, EMT and angiogenesis in cancer metastasis.

Metastasis is the primary cause of cancer mortality. The primary tumors of colorectal cancer (CRC) often metastasize to the liver. In this study, we have collected 122 samples from 45 CRC patients.