Frequency of New or Enlarging Lesions on MRI Outside of Clinical Attacks in Patients With MOG-Antibody-Associated Disease.

Background And Objective: To determine the frequency of new or enlarging T2-hyperintense or enhancing lesions outside of clinical attacks in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) vs multiple sclerosis (MS) and aquaporin-4 antibody positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4+NMOSD).

Methods: We retrospectively included Mayo Clinic patients with MOGAD with: (1) MOG-Immunoglobulin-G positivity by live cell-based assay, (2) fulfilling proposed MOGAD diagnostic criteria, and (3) baseline and follow-up paired MRIs without interval attacks. A neurologist and neuroradiologist reviewed MRIs (T2-fluid attenuated inversion recovery brain, T2 spine, and T1-postgadolinium brain and spine) to identify new or enlarging lesions.

Progressive motor impairment from "critical" demyelinating lesions of the cervicomedullary junction.

Background: Progressive motor impairment anatomically associated with a "critical" lesion has been described in primary demyelinating disease. Most "critical" lesions occur within the spinal cord.

Objective: To describe the clinical and radiological features of "critical" lesions of the cervicomedullary junction (CMJ).