Relative foveal dark adaptation: a potential method for assessing macular health.

Background/objective: Dark adaptation measures photoreceptor recovery following intense light stimulation. Time to recovery reflects retinal function. We describe a novel method of relative foveal dark adaptation using an iPhone.

Automated vision screening of children using a mobile graphic device.

Background/objective: Can measuring interocular brightness disparity, acuity, and colour vision classify children with amblyopia?

Subjects/methods: Two hundred eight subjects (3-14 years) were recruited for a prospective, observational protocol to measure interocular brightness disparity, uniocular acuities with and without a pinhole, and colour vision using an iPad. Subjects looked through polarizing filters and chose the brighter of two spaceships to measure interocular brightness disparity. The differential brightness of image pairs was varied through a staircase algorithm until equal brightness was perceived.

Failure of Goniosurgery for Glaucoma Associated With Sturge-Weber Syndrome.

Purpose: To report the surgical results of goniosurgery for children with glaucoma associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome.

Methods: Retrospective review of medical records of patients who had initial goniosurgery for glaucoma associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome.

Results: A total of 46 eyes of 42 patients who had glaucoma associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome and were treated with initial goniosurgery were identified to determine the efficacy of therapeutic goniotomy and trabeculotomy (goniosurgery).

Paroxysmal eye-head movements in Glut1 deficiency syndrome.

Objective: To describe a characteristic paroxysmal eye-head movement disorder that occurs in infants with Glut1 deficiency syndrome (Glut1 DS).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of 101 patients with Glut1 DS to obtain clinical data about episodic abnormal eye movements and analyzed video recordings of 18 eye movement episodes from 10 patients.

Results: A documented history of paroxysmal abnormal eye movements was found in 32/101 patients (32%), and a detailed description was available in 18 patients, presented here.

Late-recognized primary congenital glaucoma.

Purpose: To describe a cohort of children with late-recognized primary congenital glaucoma (LRPCG), including age of presentation, age-related diagnostic signs, clinical abnormalities, and results of glaucoma surgery.

Methods: The medical records of 31 patients (49 eyes) with PCG recognized after 1 year of age were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were confirmed to have PCG based on their increased intraocular pressure (IOP), anterior segment abnormalities including findings on gonioscopy, and the absence of other causes of childhood glaucoma.

Telemedical diagnosis of retinopathy of prematurity: accuracy of expert versus non-expert graders.

Background/aims: To assess accuracy of telemedical retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) diagnosis by trained non-expert graders compared with expert graders.

Methods: Eye examinations (n=248) from 67 consecutive infants were captured using wide-angle retinal photography (RetCam-II, Clarity Medical Systems, Pleasanton, California, USA). Non-expert graders attended two 1-h training sessions on image-based ROP diagnosis.

Retinopathy of prematurity management using single-image vs multiple-image telemedicine examinations.

Purpose: To compare performance of single-image vs multiple-image telemedicine examinations for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) diagnosis.

Design: Prospective comparative study.

Methods: A total of 248 eyes from 67 consecutive infants underwent wide-angle retinal imaging by a trained neonatal nurse at 31 to 33 weeks and/or 35 to 37 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) at a single academic institution.

Telemedical diagnosis of retinopathy of prematurity intraphysician agreement between ophthalmoscopic examination and image-based interpretation.

Objective: To evaluate the intraphysician agreement between ophthalmoscopic examination and image-based telemedical interpretation for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) diagnosis, when performed by the same expert physician grader.

Design: Prospective, nonrandomized, comparative study.

Participants: Sixty-seven consecutive premature infants who underwent ROP examination at a major university medical center whose parents consented for participation.

Telemedical retinopathy of prematurity diagnosis: accuracy, reliability, and image quality.

Objective: To prospectively measure accuracy, reliability, and image quality of telemedical retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) diagnosis.

Methods: Two-hundred forty-eight eyes from 67 consecutive infants underwent wide-angle retinal imaging by a trained neonatal nurse at 31 to 33 weeks' and/or 35 to 37 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA) using a standard protocol. Data were uploaded to a Web-based telemedicine system and interpreted by 3 expert retinal specialist graders who provided a diagnosis (no ROP, mild ROP, type 2 prethreshold ROP, treatment-requiring ROP) and an evaluation of image quality for each eye.

Sequential and distinct roles of the cadherin domain-containing protein Axl2p in cell polarization in yeast cell cycle.

Polarization of cell growth along a defined axis is essential for the generation of cell and tissue polarity. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Axl2p plays an essential role in polarity-axis determination, or more specifically, axial budding in MATa or alpha cells. Axl2p is a type I membrane glycoprotein containing four cadherin-like motifs in its extracellular domain.

Is there a role for high-frequency ultrasonography in clinical staging of retinopathy of prematurity?

Purpose: To compare 20-MHz ultrasonography with ophthalmoscopy in the staging of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Methods: We used a handheld 20-MHz ultrasound system to examine 38 eyes of 19 neonates who had an indirect ophthalmoscopic examination (diagnosis masked) within 48 hours prior to ultrasonography. Determination of ROP by indirect ophthalmoscopy was compared with independent identification of ultrasonic features indicative of ROP stages.

Cobalamin C disease presenting as hemolytic-uremic syndrome in the neonatal period.

Anew case of cobalamin C disease associated with hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) in the neonatal period is described. A 28-day-old boy presented with failure to thrive, hypotonia, pancytopenia, and features of HUS (microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure). The possibility of the diagnosis of an underlying vitamin B12 disorder was prompted by evidence of megaloblastic changes on the peripheral smear and by finding in the literature a suggested association of neonatal HUS with this cobalamin-related metabolic disorder.