Identification and comparison of -glycome profiles from common dietary protein sources.

The glycomes of bovine whey, egg white, pea, and soy protein isolates are described here. -glycans from four protein isolates were analyzed by HILIC high performance liquid chromatography and quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-FLD-QTOF-MS/MS). In total, 33 glycans from bovine whey and egg white and 10 -glycans from soy and pea glycoproteins were identified.

Queer- and trans-inclusive faculty hiring-A call for change.

As queer and trans scientists, we face varied and systemic barriers to our professional success, resulting in our relative absence from faculty ranks at many institutions. In this Perspective, we call for a change in faculty hiring practices and present concrete guidance to make it a more inclusive process.

Proteomic and -glycomic comparison of synthetic and bovine whey proteins and their effect on human gut microbiomes.

Advances in food production systems and customer acceptance have led to the commercial launch of dietary proteins produced via modern biotechnological approaches as alternatives to traditional agricultural sources. At the same time, a deeper understanding of how dietary components interact with the gut microbiome has highlighted the importance of understanding the nuances underpinning diet-microbiome interactions. Novel food proteins with distinct post-translational modifications resulting from their respective production systems have not been characterized, nor how they may differ from their traditionally produced counterparts.

Hemp hull fiber and two constituent compounds-trans-caffeoyltyramine and -trans-feruloyltyramine, shape the human gut microbiome .

Mounting evidence supports the potential of dietary bioactives to reduce chronic disease risk. -trans-caffeoyltyramine (NCT) and -trans-feruloyltyramine (NFT) have been hypothesized to drive regulation of gut permeability, but these components have not yet been studied in the context of the human gut microbiome. This work examined whether purified NCT and NFT, or a hemp hull product containing NCT and NFT (Brightseed® Bio Gut Fiber™), can impact the gut microbiome using an fermentation assay.

Delayed colonization of spp. and low prevalence of among infants of Asian ancestry born in Singapore: insights from the GUSTO cohort study.

Background: The loss of ancestral microbes, or the "disappearing microbiota hypothesis" has been proposed to play a critical role in the rise of inflammatory and immune diseases in developed nations. The effect of this loss is most consequential during early-life, as initial colonizers of the newborn gut contribute significantly to the development of the immune system.

Methods: In this longitudinal study (day 3, week 3, and month 3 post-birth) of infants of Asian ancestry born in Singapore, we studied how generational immigration status and common perinatal factors affect bifidobacteria and subsp.

Non-nutritive sweeteners and their impacts on the gut microbiome and host physiology.

Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are broadly incorporated into foods, especially those representing a growing share of the beverage market. NNS are viewed as a noncaloric and desirable alternative to sugar-based sweeteners and are thought to contribute to reducing overall caloric intake. While these compounds have been studied extensively and have long been considered inert, new research has presented a different view and raises new questions about the effects of NNS on human physiology.

Metabolic model of necrotizing enterocolitis in the premature newborn gut resulting from enteric dysbiosis.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a leading cause of premature newborn morbidity and mortality. The clinical features of NEC consistently include prematurity, gut dysbiosis and enteral inflammation, yet the pathogenesis remains obscure. Herein we combine metagenomics and targeted metabolomics, with functional and assessment, to define a novel molecular mechanism of NEC.

treatment promotes weight gain in Bangladeshi infants with severe acute malnutrition.

Disrupted development of the gut microbiota is a contributing cause of childhood malnutrition. subspecies is a prominent early colonizer of the infant gut that consumes human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). We found that the absolute abundance of is lower in 3- to 24-month-old Bangladeshi infants with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) compared to their healthy age-matched counterparts.

Subspecies Strain EVC001 Decreases Neonatal Murine Necrotizing Enterocolitis.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a disease mainly of preterm infants with a 30-50% mortality rate and long-term morbidities for survivors. Treatment strategies are limited and have not improved in decades, prompting research into prevention strategies, particularly with probiotics. Recent work with the probiotic EVC001 suggests that this organism may generate a more appropriate microbiome for preterm infants who generally have inappropriate gut colonization and inflammation, both risk factors for NEC.

Production of Bovine Colostrum for Human Consumption to Improve Health.

Colostrum contains all essential nutrients for the neonate during the first days of life, with impacts that continue far beyond these first days. Bovine colostrum has been used for human consumption due to the high concentrations of bioactive proteins, vitamins, minerals, growth factors, as well as free and conjugated oligosaccharides. Processes involved in the preparation of bovine colostrum for human consumption play a pivotal role in preserving and maintaining the activity of the bioactive molecules.

Determining Total Protein and Bioactive Protein Concentrations in Bovine Colostrum.

Colostrum is a complex biological fluid produced by mammals immediately after parturition. It meets all the nutritional requirements for neonates as a good source of macro- and micronutrients, bioactive peptides, and growth factors. Bovine colostrum is also a potential source of nutrition and bioactive because of its rich protein content that includes immunoglobulin G (IgG) and lactoferrin.

Recombinant Production of Bifidobacterial Endoglycosidases for N-glycan Release.

Protein glycosylation is a diverse and common post-translational modification that has been associated with many important roles such as protein function, including protein folding, stability, enzymatic protection, and biological recognition. N-glycans attached to glycoproteins (such as lactoferrin, lactadherin, and immunoglobulins) cannot be digested by the host and reach the large intestine, where they are consumed by certain beneficial microbes. Therefore, they are considered next-generation prebiotic compounds that can selectively stimulate the gut microbiome's beneficial microorganisms.

Bovine Colostrum and Its Potential for Human Health and Nutrition.

Colostrum is the first milk produced post-partum by mammals and is compositionally distinct from mature milk. Bovine colostrum has a long history of consumption by humans, and there have been a number of studies investigating its potential for applications in human nutrition and health. Extensive characterization of the constituent fractions has identified a wealth of potentially bioactive molecules, their potential for shaping neonatal development, and the potential for their application beyond the neonatal period.

Bifidobacteria-mediated immune system imprinting early in life.

Immune-microbe interactions early in life influence the risk of allergies, asthma, and other inflammatory diseases. Breastfeeding guides healthier immune-microbe relationships by providing nutrients to specialized microbes that in turn benefit the host's immune system. Such bacteria have co-evolved with humans but are now increasingly rare in modern societies.

Potential Applications of Endo-β--Acetylglucosaminidases From Subspecies in Designing Value-Added, Next-Generation Infant Formulas.

Human milk is the optimal source of infant nutrition. Among many other health benefits, human milk can stimulate the development of a -rich microbiome through human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). In recent years, the development of novel formulas has placed particular focus on incorporating some of the beneficial functional properties of human milk.

Early probiotic supplementation with B. infantis in breastfed infants leads to persistent colonization at 1 year.

Background: Recent studies have reported a dysfunctional gut microbiome in breastfed infants. Probiotics have been used in an attempt to restore the gut microbiome; however, colonization has been transient, inconsistent among individuals, or has not positively impacted the host's gut.

Methods: This is a 2-year follow-up study to a randomized controlled trial wherein 7-day-old infants received 1.

Impact of Probiotic EVC001 Feeding in Premature Infants on the Gut Microbiome, Nosocomially Acquired Antibiotic Resistance, and Enteric Inflammation.

Preterm birth is a major determinant of neonatal survival and morbidity, but the gut microbiome and associated enteric inflammation are also key factors in neonatal development and the risk of associated morbidities. We prospectively and longitudinally followed two cohorts of preterm infants, one of which was fed activated subsp. () EVC001 8 × 10 CFU daily, and the other was not fed a probiotic.

Structural insights of two novel N-acetyl-glucosaminidase enzymes through in silico methods.

EndoBI-1 and EndoBI-2 are two endo- acetylglucosaminidase isoenzymes that cleave diacetylchitobiosyl moieties found in various types of native -glycans. These -glycans are indigestible by human infants and adults due to the lack of responsible glycosyl hydrolases and they act as selective prebiotics for a probiotic microorganism, subsp , in the large intestine. The selectivity and the thermostability of EndoBI-1 and EndoBI-2 suggest that these enzymes may be useful for many scientific and industrial applications.

Metagenomic insights of the infant microbiome community structure and function across multiple sites in the United States.

The gut microbiome plays an important role in early life, protecting newborns from enteric pathogens, promoting immune system development and providing key functions to the infant host. Currently, there are limited data to broadly assess the status of the US healthy infant gut microbiome. To address this gap, we performed a multi-state metagenomic survey and found high levels of bacteria associated with enteric inflammation (e.

Comparative Genome Analysis of subsp. Strains Reveals Variation in Human Milk Oligosaccharide Utilization Genes among Commercial Probiotics.

Dysbiosis is associated with acute and long-term consequences for neonates. Probiotics can be effective in limiting the growth of bacteria associated with dysbiosis and promoting the healthy development of the infant microbiome. Given its adaptation to the infant gut, and promising data from animal and models, subsp.

Integrating the Ecosystem Services Framework to Define Dysbiosis of the Breastfed Infant Gut: The Role of and Human Milk Oligosaccharides.

Mounting evidence supports a connection between the composition of the infant gut microbiome and long-term health. In fact, aberrant microbiome compositions during key developmental windows in early life are associated with increased disease risk; therefore, making pertinent modifications to the microbiome during infancy offers significant promise to improve human health. There is growing support for integrating the concept of ecosystem services (the provision of benefits from ecosystems to humans) in linking specific microbiome functions to human well-being.

Colonization by B. infantis EVC001 modulates enteric inflammation in exclusively breastfed infants.

Background: Infant gut dysbiosis, often associated with low abundance of bifidobacteria, is linked to impaired immune development and inflammation-a risk factor for increased incidence of several childhood diseases. We investigated the impact of B. infantis EVC001 colonization on enteric inflammation in a subset of exclusively breastfed term infants from a larger clinical study.

Early-life gut microbiome modulation reduces the abundance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Background: Antibiotic-resistant (AR) bacteria are a global threat. AR bacteria can be acquired in early life and have long-term sequelae. Limiting the spread of antibiotic resistance without triggering the development of additional resistance mechanisms is of immense clinical value.