Radiographic and clinical outcomes after instrumented reduction and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion of mid and high-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Objective: The objective of this study is to document and review the surgical technique and the clinical and radiographic outcomes after instrumented reduction and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion of mid and high-grade adult isthmic spondylolisthesis.

Summary Of Background Data: Although high-grade slips make up a distinct minority of all patients afflicted with spondylolisthesis, approximately 2% in most series, the treatment of this small cohort of patients has been the topic of on going, and often heated debate.

Early gene expression in the rat cortex after experimental traumatic brain injury and hypotension.

To determine c-fos and egr-1 mRNA levels in the rat cortex after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and TBI plus hemorrhagic hypotension (HH). Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to TBI. HH was induced by removing 5 ml of blood from the jugular vein for a duration of 20 min.