Competitive Pasture Species to Suppress the Growth of Annual Riceflower ( Lindl.) at Different Planting Densities and Spatial Arrangements.

This study assessed the effectiveness of four competitive pasture species-Premier digit grass ( Steud. var. Premier), Rhodes grass ( Kunth.

Towards Pathogen-Free Coconut Germplasm Exchange.

Coconut ( L.) is an important palm species that serves as the mainstay of several industries and contributes to the livelihoods of millions of smallholder farmers. International exchange of coconut germplasm has been undertaken for several decades to facilitate the conservation of selected varieties within global genebanks and for the distribution to farmers and scientists.

Chemical Management Strategies of Lindl. Using Pre- and Post-Emergence Herbicides.

Lindl. is a native Australian forb responsible for livestock poisoning and reducing the productivity and sustainability of grazing enterprises. This study was conducted as a pot trial under controlled conditions to investigate an effective chemical management strategy for , a method that did not leave standing dead plant material, as such material can also be toxic to grazing cattle.

Environmental Effects during Early Life-History Stages and Seed Development on Seed Functional Traits of an Australian Native Legume Species.

Understanding how seed functional traits interact with environmental factors to determine seedling recruitment is critical to assess the impact of climate change on ecosystem restoration. This study focused on the effects of environmental factors on the mother plant during early plant life history stages and during seed development. A.

Poisonous Plants of the Genus : A Menace for the Australian Livestock Industry.

is a genus of about 140 plant species, some of which are well-known for causing animal poisoning resulting in significant economic losses to the Australian livestock industry. The main poisonous species/subspecies include (subsp. and subsp.

The Current and Potential Distribution of Parthenium Weed and Its Biological Control Agent in Pakistan.

L. (Asteraceae), commonly known as parthenium weed, is a highly invasive weed spreading rapidly from northern to southern parts of Pakistan. The persistence of parthenium weed in the hot and dry southern districts suggests that the weed can survive under more extreme conditions than previously thought.

Coconut Callus Initiation for Cell Suspension Culture.

The development of a cell suspension culture system for the scaling up of coconut embryogenic callus (EC) production would drastically improve efforts to achieve the large-scale production of high-quality clonal plantlets. To date, the hard nature of coconut EC appeared to be the main constraint for developing cell suspension cultures. Hence, this study attempted to acquire friable EC through the following approaches: The manipulation of (1) medium type and subculture frequency, (2) a reduced 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid concentration during subculture, (3) the nitrate level and the ammonium-to-nitrate ratio, and the addition of amino acid mixture, (4) the addition of L-proline, and (5) the reduction of medium nutrients.

Fruit Biology of Coconut ( L.).

Coconut ( L.) is an important perennial crop adapted to a wide range of habitats. Although global coconut demand has increased sharply over the past few years, its production has been decreasing due to palm senility, as well as abiotic and biotic stresses.

Cloning Coconut via Somatic Embryogenesis: A Review of the Current Status and Future Prospects.

Coconut [  L.] is often called "the tree of life" because of its many uses in the food, beverage, medicinal, and cosmetic industries. Currently, more than 50% of the palms grown throughout the world are senile and need to be replanted immediately to ensure production levels meet the present and increasing demand for coconut products.

Toxic Potential and Metabolic Profiling of Two Australian Biotypes of the Invasive Plant Parthenium Weed ( L.).

Parthenium weed ( L.) is an invasive plant species in around 50 countries and a 'Weed of National Significance' in Australia. This study investigated the relative toxicity of the leaf, shoot and root extracts of two geographically separate and morphologically distinct biotypes of parthenium weed in Queensland, Australia.

Reducing the fitness of an invasive weed, Parthenium hysterophorus: Complementing biological control with plant competition.

We studied the effects of a biological control agent, Epiblema strenuana Walker (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) alone and together with a sown native grass, Astrebla squarrosa C.E. Hubb.

Effect of elevated carbon dioxide concentration on growth, productivity and glyphosate response of parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.).

Background: The rise in atmospheric CO has huge impacts on the biology and management of invasive weed species such as Parthenium hysterophorus. This study evaluated the effect of ambient (400 ppm) and elevated (700 ppm) CO concentrations on P. hysterophorus growth, reproductive output and response to glyphosate applied at several doses including the recommended dose (800 g a.

Biology, propagation and utilization of elite coconut varieties (makapuno and aromatics).

Coconut farming is not only a vital agricultural industry for all tropical countries possessing humid coasts and lowlands, but is also a robust income provider for millions of smallholder farmers worldwide. However, due to its longevity, the security of production of this crop suffers significantly from episodes of natural disasters, including cyclone and tsunami, devastating pest and disease outbreaks, while also affected by price competition for the principal products, especially the oil. In order to reduce these pressures, high-value coconut varieties (makapuno and aromatics) have been introduced in some regions, on a limited scale, but with positive outcomes.

What do we really know about alien plant invasion? A review of the invasion mechanism of one of the world's worst weeds.

This review provides an insight into alien plant invasion taking into account the invasion mechanism of parthenium weed ( Parthenium hysterophorus L.). A multi-lateral understanding of the invasion biology of this weed has pragmatic implications for weed ecology and management.

Tissue culture and associated biotechnological interventions for the improvement of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.): a review.

The present review discusses not only advances in coconut tissue culture and associated biotechnological interventions but also future research directions toward the resilience of this important palm crop. Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is commonly known as the 'tree of life'.

Conservation of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) germplasm at sub-zero temperature.

Protocols are proposed for the low (-20 degree C) and ultra-low (-80 degree C) temperature storage of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) embryos. A tissue dehydration step prior to storage, and a rapid warming step upon recovery optimized the protocol.

Parental effects modulate seed longevity: exploring parental and offspring phenotypes to elucidate pre-zygotic environmental influences.

• Seed longevity, which is essential for germplasm conservation and survival of many land plant species, can vary considerably within species and cultivars. Here, we explore the relationship between parental and offspring phenotypes to elucidate how pre-zygotic environment affects seed longevity. • Plants of the wild species Plantago cunninghamii were exposed to wet or dry soil within a warm or cool glasshouse until flowering and then moved to a common environment.

Dehydration improves cryopreservation of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.).

Cryopreservation of coconut can be used as a strategy to back up the establishment of living collections which are expensive to maintain and are under constant threat from biotic and abiotic factors. Unfortunately, cryopreservation protocols still need to be developed that are capable of producing a sizeable number of field-grown plants. Therefore, we report on the development of an improved cryopreservation protocol which can be used on a wide range of coconut cultivars.

Cryopreservation of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) zygotic embryos does not induce morphological, cytological or molecular changes in recovered seedlings.

The present study aimed at exploring the fidelity of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) plants recovered from cryopreservation. Zygotic embryos from various different cultivars were cryopreserved following four successive steps, namely: rapid dehydration, rapid freezing, rapid thawing and in vitro recovery followed by acclimatization.

Pre- and post-harvest influences on seed dormancy status of an Australian Goodeniaceae species, Goodenia fascicularis.

Background And Aims: The period during which seeds develop on the parent plant has been found to affect many seed characteristics, including dormancy, through interactions with the environment. Goodenia fascicularis (Goodeniaceae) seeds were used to investigate whether seeds of an Australian native forb, harvested from different environments and produced at different stages of the reproductive period, differ in dormancy status.

Methods: During the reproductive phase, plants were grown ex situ in warm (39/21 degrees C) or cool (26/13 degrees C) conditions, with adequate or limited water availability.

Single-site mutations in the carboxyltransferase domain of plastid acetyl-CoA carboxylase confer resistance to grass-specific herbicides.

Grass weed populations resistant to aryloxyphenoxypropionate (APP) and cyclohexanedione herbicides that inhibit acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase; EC 6.4.1.