Validation of Muscle Fiber Architecture of the Human Tongue Revealed by Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Histology Verification.

Purpose: The goal of this study is to validate the muscle architecture derived from both ex vivo and in vivo diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) of the human tongue with histology of an ex vivo tongue.

Method: dMRI was acquired with a 200-direction high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) diffusion scheme for both a postmortem head (imaged within 48 hr after death) and a healthy volunteer. After MRI, the postmortem head was fixed and the tongue excised for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and histology imaging.

Postnatal Guinea Pig Brain Development, as Revealed by Magnetic Resonance and Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging.

This study used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify age dependent brain structural characteristics in Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs. Anatomical T-weighted images, diffusion kurtosis (DKI) imaging, and T relaxometry measures were acquired from a cohort of male guinea pigs from postnatal day (PND) 18-25 (juvenile) to PND 46-51 (adolescent) and PND 118-123 (young adult). Whole-brain diffusion measures revealed the distinct effects of maturation on the microstructural complexity of the male guinea pig brain.

A Supervised Learning Tool for Prostate Cancer Foci Detection and Aggressiveness Identification using Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging.

Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men in the United States. The current main methods for diagnosing prostate cancer include prostate-specific antigen test and transrectal biopsy. Prostate-specific antigen screening has been criticized for overdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment, and transrectal biopsy is an invasive procedure with low sensitivity for diagnosis.

Modulation of resting state functional connectivity of the motor network by transcranial pulsed current stimulation.

The effects of transcranial pulsed current stimulation (tPCS) on resting state functional connectivity (rs-FC) within the motor network were investigated. Eleven healthy participants received one magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) session with three resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) scans, one before stimulation (PRE-STIM) to collect baseline measures, one during stimulation (STIM), and one after 13 min of stimulation (POST-STIM). Rs-FC measures during the STIM and POST-STIM conditions were compared to the PRE-STIM baseline.

Associations between interhemispheric functional connectivity and the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) in civilian mild TBI.

This study investigates cognitive deficits and alterations in resting state functional connectivity in civilian mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) participants with high and low symptoms. Forty-one mTBI participants completed a resting state fMRI scan and the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) during initial testing (<10 days of injury) and a 1 month follow up. Data were compared to 30 healthy control subjects.

Longitudinal and prognostic evaluation of mild traumatic brain injury: A 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.

In the majority of patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), brain tissue impairment is undetectable by computed tomography and/or structural magnetic resonance imaging. Even in confirmed cases of head injury, conventional neuroimaging methods lack sensitivity in predicting neuropsychological outcomes of patients. The objectives of this study were to (1) cross-sectionally determine deviations in the neurometabolic profile of patients with mTBI from healthy controls at different stages of mTBI using tightly controlled examination windows, and (2) determine associations between acute neurometabolic markers of mTBI and chronic neurocognitive performance.

Three-dimensional elastic image registration based on strain energy minimization: application to prostate magnetic resonance imaging.

The use of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in conjunction with an endorectal coil is currently the clinical standard for the diagnosis of prostate cancer because of the increased sensitivity and specificity of this approach. However, imaging in this manner provides images and spectra of the prostate in the deformed state because of the insertion of the endorectal coil. Such deformation may lead to uncertainties in the localization of prostate cancer during therapy.

Reliability estimation of grouped functional imaging data using penalized maximum likelihood.

We analyzed grouped fMRI data and developed a reliability analysis for such data using the method of penalized maximum likelihood (ML). Specifically, this technique was applied to a somatosensory paradigm that used a mechanical probe to provide noxious stimuli to the foot, and a paradigm consisting of four levels of graded peripheral neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES). In each case, reliability maps of activation were generated.