Climate change and women's health: Turning leadership into action.

Climate change is considered the greatest long-term challenge we face, and it comes with a direct impact on women's health and pregnancy outcomes. There are many balances that physicians make in deciding elements of care, but environmental impact has not been a consideration. Health care leaders must recognize the impact of their decisions on carbon footprints and creatively look towards changes that will improve global conditions.

Association between physical activity in obese pregnant women and offspring health.

Background: Obesity in pregnancy is associated with macrosomia, neontatal fat mass and increased obesity and diabetes in the offspring. Physical activity during pregnancy may mediate the relationship between maternal insulin action and infant body composition. Interventions to increase physical activity might therefore improve metabolic outcomes for pregnant women and reduce the risk of obesity and diabetes in their offspring.

Association between physical activity in obese pregnant women and pregnancy outcomes: the UPBEAT pilot study.

Background: Obesity in pregnancy is associated with fetal macrosomia, a raised neonatal fat mass and an increased risk of obesity and poor metabolic health in childhood which persists into adulthood. The offspring of obese women are more likely to be obese than the offspring of lean women when they become pregnant themselves, perpetuating a cycle of obesity and its associated negative metabolic consequences. Increasing physical activity during pregnancy could improve insulin sensitivity and reduce the risk of maternal and offspring adverse outcomes.

Health impacts of pedestrian head-loading: a review of the evidence with particular reference to women and children in sub-Saharan Africa.

Across sub-Saharan Africa, women and children play major roles as pedestrian load-transporters, in the widespread absence of basic sanitation services, electricity and affordable/reliable motorised transport. The majority of loads, including water and firewood for domestic purposes, are carried on the head. Load-carrying has implications not only for school attendance and performance, women's time budgets and gender relations, but arguably also for health and well-being.