Central nervous system findings on functional magnetic resonance imaging in patients before and after treatment with anticholinergic medication.

Purpose: Anticholinergic medications are commonly used to treat urinary urgency and frequency. Muscarinic receptors are located in areas beyond the detrusor muscle. In this study we measured changes in central nervous system activity in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms treated with tolterodine or a placebo.

Histopathological characteristics of localized renal cell carcinoma correlate with tumor size: a SEER analysis.

Purpose: We determined whether a relationship exists between primary tumor size and histopathological features in cases of localized renal cancer.

Materials And Methods: SEER data were used to create a cohort of patients who were diagnosed with localized node negative renal masses from 1988 to 2004. Nuclear grade was divided into low and high grade groups.

HIV-AIDS: urologic considerations.

The prevalence of HIV continues to grow in the United States and worldwide. HIV-positive patients experience many genitourinary disease processes. With improvements in HIV therapy, patients have questions and concerns pertaining to their quality of life.