Creation of a new X chromosome balancer, ( ), using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing system.

Balancer chromosomes contain multiple inversions that work to suppress crossing over and prevent recovery of most recombinant chromosomes, allowing for alleles to be kept long-term without selection. These balancers are incredible tools, but some alleles within larger inverted segments are still lost to rare double crossover events between the balanced and balancer chromosomes. This study details a new methodology of producing balancer chromosomes using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology to create new inversions within the largest segment of the common X chromosome balancer, We were able to create a new X chromosome balancer, and anticipate that this process can be used to not only create other balancers in but other model organisms as well.

Postprocedure radiologist's interpretation of ERCP x-ray films: a prospective outcomes study.

Objective: To prospectively determine if the current practice of radiologists' interpretation of post-ERCP spot images sent by endoscopists resulted in discrepancies in interpretation, affected subsequent management of patients, and resulted in additional costs.

Methods: A prospective analysis of 145 consecutive patients who underwent ERCP over the course of 4 months was performed. A separate endoscopist, not involved in the patient's care, reviewed the radiologist's report of the ERCP x-ray films to determine whether there was either concordance or discordance with the procedural findings.