Anticancer Efficacy of KRASG12C Inhibitors Is Potentiated by PAK4 Inhibitor KPT9274 in Preclinical Models of KRASG12C-Mutant Pancreatic and Lung Cancers.

KRASG12C inhibitors, such as sotorasib and adagrasib, have revolutionized cancer treatment for patients with KRASG12C-mutant tumors. However, patients receiving these agents as monotherapy often develop drug resistance. To address this issue, we evaluated the combination of the PAK4 inhibitor KPT9274 and KRASG12C inhibitors in preclinical models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

PAK4-NAMPT Dual Inhibition Sensitizes Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors to Everolimus.

Metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNET) remain an unmet clinical problem. Chronologic treatment in PNETs includes observation (watchful protocol), surgery, targeted therapy, and chemotherapy. However, increasing evidence illustrates that the outcomes of targeted therapeutic options for the treatment of advanced PNETs show minimal response.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor: a review of current and emerging therapies.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are rare neoplasms arising from the interstitial cell of Cajal in the gastrointestinal tract. Two thirds of GIST in adult patients have c-Kit mutation and smaller fractions have platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) mutation. Surgery is the only curative treatment for localized disease.

Case report: a left upper quadrant complex cystic mass.

A 61-year-old woman presented with left upper quadrant/flank pain and increasing abdominal girth. CT scan showed a large complex, multi-cystic lesion in the left abdomen. Laparotomy revealed a large retroperitoneal mass attached to the left kidney.

Barriers to adequate follow-up during adjuvant therapy may be important factors in the worse outcome for Black women after breast cancer treatment.

Introduction: Black women appear to have worse outcome after diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. It is still unclear if this is because Black race is more often associated with known negative prognostic indicators or if it is an independent prognostic factor. To study this, we analyzed a patient cohort from an urban university medical center where these women made up the majority of the patient population.

Prognostic implications of immunohistochemically detected YKL-40 expression in breast cancer.

Background: YKL-40 has been implicated as a mediator of collagen synthesis and extracellular matrix re-modeling as well as mitogenesis. Elevated serum levels of YKL-40 have been associated with worse survival in a variety of malignancies including breast cancer. We wished to determine if immunohistochemically detected expression had prognostic implications in breast cancer.

Polypoid spindle cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

Rare histologic variants of esophageal cancer account for about 5% of cases. As its name suggests, polypoid spindle cell carcinoma of the esophagus (carcinosarcoma, pseudosarcoma) is comprised of both epithelial and spindle cell elements. The nomenclature reflects both the historical controversy over the lesion's cell of origin as well as its characteristic fungating intraluminal growth pattern.

A level III sentinel lymph node in breast cancer.

Background: For accurate nodal staging, all blue and radioactive lymph nodes should be sampled during the sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer. We report a case of anomalous drainage in which one of the sentinel lymph nodes was unexpectedly found in the level III axillary space.

Case Presentation: A 40-year-old female underwent mastectomy for extensive high-grade ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS) with micro-invasion.

Staphylococcus hominis endophthalmitis associated with a capsular hypopyon.

Purpose: To report a case of Staphylococcus hominis endophthalmitis associated with a capsular hypopyon.

Design: Interventional case report.

Methods: A 51-year-old man presented with chronic postcataract extraction inflammation and underwent vitrectomy, partial capsulectomy, and intravitreal antibiotic injections, followed by explantation of the intraocular lens and capsule.

Neoplastic progression in melanoma and colon cancer is associated with increased expression and activity of the interferon-inducible protein kinase, PKR.

The interferon-inducible, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-activated protein kinase, PKR, plays key roles in regulation of cell growth and differentiation, and has been postulated as a tumor suppressor. Downstream effectors of PKR include the translation initiation factor, eIF2alpha, and the transcription factor, NF-kappaB. We found elevated levels of PKR protein, dsRNA-dependent PKR autophosphorylation activity, and phosphorylated eIF2alpha in melanoma cells compared to nontransformed melanocytes in culture.