A triticale tapetal non-specific lipid transfer protein (nsLTP) is translocated to the pollen cell wall.

A Triticeae type III non-specific lipid transfer protein (nsLTP) was shown for the first time to be translocated from the anther tapetum to the pollen cell wall. Two anther-expressed non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) were identified in triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack). LTPc3a and LTPc3b contain a putative signal peptide sequence and eight cysteine residues in a C-Xn-C-Xn-CC-Xn-CXC-Xn-C-Xn-C pattern.

Investigating Triticeae anther gene promoter activity in transgenic Brachypodium distachyon.

In this report, we demonstrate that Brachypodium distachyon could serve as a relatively high throughput in planta functional assay system for Triticeae anther-specific gene promoters. There remains a vast gap in our knowledge of the promoter cis-acting elements responsible for the transcriptional regulation of Triticeae anther-specific genes. In an attempt to identify conserved cis-elements, 14 pollen-specific and 8 tapetum-specific Triticeae putative promoter sequences were analyzed using different promoter sequence analysis tools.

Data on the epitope mapping of soybean A2 and A3 glycinin.

The data information provided in this article relate to our research article "Using patient serum to epitope map soybean glycinins reveals common epitopes shared with many legumes and tree nuts" (Saeed et al., 2016) [1]. Here we provide western blot detection of glycinin subunits by soy-sensitive human sera, ELISA screens with overlapping synthetic peptides (epitope mapping), and various database/server epitope searches.

Protein engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae transporter Pdr5p identifies key residues that impact Fusarium mycotoxin export and resistance to inhibition.

Cereal infection by the broad host range fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum is a significant global agricultural and food safety issue due to the deposition of mycotoxins within infected grains. Methods to study the intracellular effects of mycotoxins often use the baker's yeast model system (Saccharomyces cerevisiae); however, this organism has an efficient drug export network known as the pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) network, which consists of a family of multidrug exporters. This study describes the first study that has evaluated the potential involvement of all known or putative ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters from the PDR network in exporting the F.

Using patient serum to epitope map soybean glycinins reveals common epitopes shared with many legumes and tree nuts.

Soybean consumption is increasing in many Western diets; however, recent reviews suggest that the prevalence of soy allergy can be as high as 0.5% for the general population and up to 13% for children. The immunoglobulin-E (IgE) binding of sera from six soy-sensitive adult human subjects to soybean proteins separated by 2D gel electrophoresis was studied.

A molecular and proteomic investigation of proteins rapidly released from triticale pollen upon hydration.

Analysis of Triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack cv. AC Alta) mature pollen proteins quickly released upon hydration was performed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry. A total of 17 distinct protein families were identified and these included expansins, profilins, and various enzymes, many of which are pollen allergens.

Proteomic profiling of two maize inbreds during early gibberella ear rot infection.

Fusarium graminearum is the causal agent of gibberella ear rot in maize ears, resulting in yield losses due to mouldy and mycotoxin-contaminated grain. This study represents a global proteomic approach to document the early infection by F. graminearum of two maize inbreds, B73 and CO441, which differ in disease susceptibility.

Intracellular expression of a single domain antibody reduces cytotoxicity of 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol in yeast.

15-Acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-AcDON) is a low molecular weight sesquiterpenoid trichothecene mycotoxin associated with Fusarium ear rot of maize and Fusarium head blight of small grain cereals. The accumulation of mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON) and 15-AcDON within harvested grain is subject to stringent regulation as both toxins pose dietary health risks to humans and animals. These toxins inhibit peptidyltransferase activity, which in turn limits eukaryotic protein synthesis.

Cloning, expression, and characterization of a single-domain antibody fragment with affinity for 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol.

A single-domain variable heavy chain (V(H)H) antibody fragment specific to the mycotoxin 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-AcDON) was obtained after immunization of a llama (Llama glama) with the protein conjugate 15-DON-BSA plus TiterMax Classic adjuvant. After confirmation of a polyclonal response to DON toxin in both conventional (cIgG) and heavy chain antibody (HCAb) fractions, a V(H)H library was constructed from amplified cDNA by nested PCR. V(H)H fragments with binding affinity for the mycotoxin were selected by panning of the phagemid library against microtiter plates coated with 15-DON-OVA.

A chalcone synthase-like gene is highly expressed in the tapetum of both wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and triticale (xTriticosecale Wittmack).

A novel anther-specific chalcone synthase-like gene, TaCHSL1, was isolated and characterized. The TaCHSL1 transcript was detected only within the tapetum during the "free" and early vacuolated microspore stages in both wheat and triticale. Sequence analysis indicated that the 41.

Proteomic analyses of Fusarium graminearum grown under mycotoxin-inducing conditions.

Non-gel-based quantitative proteomics technology was used to profile protein expression differences when Fusarium graminearum was induced to produce trichothecenes in vitro. As F. graminearum synthesizes and secretes trichothecenes early in the cereal host invasion process, we hypothesized that proteins contributing to infection would also be induced under conditions favouring mycotoxin synthesis.

Use of phage display to select novel cystatins specific for Acanthoscelides obtectus cysteine proteinases.

Cysteine proteinases from larvae of the common bean weevil, Acanthoscelides obtectus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), were isolated by ion exchange affinity chromatography on a CM-Cellulose column and used to select mutant cystatins from a library made with the filamentous M13 phage display system. The library contained variant cystatins derived from the nematode Onchocerca volvulus cystatin through mutagenesis of loop 1, which contains the QVVAG motif that is involved in binding to proteinases. After three rounds of selection, the activity of variant cystatins against papain and cysteine proteinases from A.

Midgut proteases from Mamestra configurata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae: characterization, cDNA cloning, and expressed sequence tag analysis.

The activities of digestive protease within the midgut of Mamestra configurata (bertha armyworm) larvae were examined using specific substrates and protease inhibitors. The bulk of the activity was associated with serine proteases comprising trypsin-, chymotrypsin-, and elastase-like enzymes. At least 10-15 serine protease isozymes were detected using one-dimension gelatin gel electrophoresis.