Genotyping-by-sequencing targets genic regions and improves resolution of genome-wide association studies in autotetraploid potato.

De novo genotyping in potato using methylation-sensitive GBS discovers SNPs largely confined to genic or gene-associated regions and displays enhanced effectiveness in estimating LD decay rates, population structure and detecting GWAS associations over 'fixed' SNP genotyping platform. Study also reports the genetic architectures including robust sequence-tagged marker-trait associations for sixteen important potato traits potentially carrying higher transferability across a wider range of germplasm. This study deploys recent advancements in polyploid analytical approaches to perform complex trait analyses in cultivated tetraploid potato.

Pollen metabarcoding reveals the origin and multigenerational migratory pathway of an intercontinental-scale butterfly outbreak.

Migratory insects may move in large numbers, even surpassing migratory vertebrates in biomass. Long-distance migratory insects complete annual cycles through multiple generations, with each generation's reproductive success linked to the resources available at different breeding grounds. Climatic anomalies in these grounds are presumed to trigger rapid population outbreaks.

Post-Contrast 3D Inversion Recovery Magnetic Resonance Neurography for Evaluation of Branch Nerves of the Brachial Plexus.

Purpose: To compare 3.0 Tesla brachial plexus three-dimensional (3D) T2-weighted short tau inversion recovery fast spin echo (STIR-FSE) MRI sequences before (pre-contrast STIR) and after (post-contrast STIR) administration of gadolinium intravenous contrast.

Method: Eighteen patients were included.

Association of Blood Pressure Level With Left Ventricular Mass in Adolescents.

Hypertension is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), a risk factor for cardiovascular events. Since cardiovascular events in youth are rare, hypertension has historically been defined by the 95th percentile of the normal blood pressure (BP) distribution in healthy children. The optimal BP percentile associated with LVH in youth is unknown.

Linkage Disequilibrium and Evaluation of Genome-Wide Association Mapping Models in Tetraploid Potato.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have become a powerful tool for analyzing complex traits in crop plants. The current study evaluates the efficacy of various GWAS models and methods for elucidating population structure in potato. The presence of significant population structure can lead to detection of spurious marker-trait associations, as well as mask true ones.

Blood pressure differences by ethnic group among United States children and adolescents.

Large differences in blood pressure (BP) by ethnic group are apparent among adults. There is uncertainty as to whether similar differences by ethnic group exist among children and, if so, the age of onset. BP measurements were obtained from 58 698 children at 78 556 visits using Pediatric Task Force data, a collection of 11 studies with BP data from children and adolescents age 1 to 17 years.

Investigation of the internal heterostructure of highly luminescent quantum dot-quantum well nanocrystals.

In this paper, we report on the growth and characterization of quantum dot-quantum well nanostructures with photoluminescence (PL) that is tunable over the visible range. The material exhibits a PL efficiency as high as approximately 60% and is prepared by reacting ZnS nanocrystals in turn with precursors for CdSe and ZnS in an attempt to form a simple "ZnS/CdSe/ZnS quantum-well structure". Through the use of synchrotron radiation-based photoelectron spectroscopy in conjunction with detailed overall compositional analysis and correlation with the size of the final composite nanostructure, the internal structure of the composite nanocrystals is shown to consist of a graded alloy core whose composition gradually changes from ZnS at the very center to CdSe at the onset of a CdSe layer.

A highly luminescent ZnS/CdSe/ZnS nanocrystals-tetrapeptide biolabeling agent.

Stable colloidal ZnS/CdSe/ZnS nanocrystals capped with hexadecylamine were transferred into water by encapsulation in a protective shell of an amphiphilic polymer. The properties of the products have been investigated by dynamic lighting scattering, absorption, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. These nanocrystals, when conjugated with tuftsin in aqueous suspension, formed an effective labeling reagent for macrophages or lymphocytes.

Photorefractive performance of a CdSe/ZnS core/shell nanoparticle-sensitized polymer.

We report the photorefractive performance of a polymer composite sensitized by CdSe/ZnS core/shell nanoparticles, and also comprising poly(N-vinylcarbazole) and an electro-optic chromophore. The nanoparticles are characterized by absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy, elemental analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and powder x-ray diffraction. The electro-optic response of the composite is measured independently of the photorefractive effect by transmission ellipsometry.

Arabidopsis is susceptible to the cereal ear blight fungal pathogens Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum.

The fungal pathogens Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum cause ear blight disease on cereal crops worldwide. The disease lowers both grain quality and grain safety.