Surgical Management of Full-Thickness Macular Holes in Macular Telangiectasia Type 2: A Global Multicenter Study.

Purpose: To report on macular hole repair in macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel2).

Design: Global, multicenter, retrospective case series.

Participants: Patients undergoing surgery for MacTel2-associated full-thickness macular hole (MTMH).

Feasibility and Potential for Real-Time 3D Vitreoretinal Surgery Telementoring.

Purpose: To demonstrate the potential for real-time, three-dimensional (3D) surgical telementoring to enhance vitreoretinal surgical education.

Methods: The 3D video feed from a high dynamic range surgical camera (NGENUITY) was run through a 4K video capture device (Magewell USB 4K) and set as the video input for a video conferencing application (Zoom). Remote surgical viewing was then performed in two-dimensions (2D) on a computer or in 3D with a virtual reality headset (Oculus Quest 2).

FLUIDIC PERFORMANCE OF A DUAL-ACTION VITRECTOMY PROBE COMPARED WITH A SINGLE-ACTION PROBE.

Purpose: To assess flow rates, nearfield effects, and traction of a dual-cutting 20,000 cpm vitrectomy probe (HYPERVIT, Alcon) versus a single-cutting 10,000 cpm probe (Advanced ULTRAVIT, Alcon).

Methods: Flow rates were evaluated for 25+ and 27+ gauge probes using balanced salt solution or porcine cadaver vitreous (biased open, 50/50, and biased closed duty cycles). Probes were suspended in an open beaker, and flow rates were calculated using a precision balance.

Autologous Retinal Transplantation for Primary and Refractory Macular Holes and Macular Hole Retinal Detachments: The Global Consortium.

Purpose: To report the anatomic and functional outcomes of autologous retinal transplantation (ART).

Design: Multicenter, retrospective, interventional, consecutive case series.

Participants: One hundred thirty eyes of 130 patients undergoing ART for the repair of primary and refractory macular holes (MHs), as well as combined MH-rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (MH-RRD), between January 2017 and December 2019.

Clinical comparison of 27-gauge and 23-gauge instruments on the outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy surgery for the treatment of vitreoretinal diseases.

Purpose Of Review: To compare outcomes of 27-gauge and 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for treatment of vitreoretinal diseases.

Recent Findings: Sixty-eight patients undergoing microincisional PPV for treatment of vitreoretinal diseases were randomized 1 : 1 to 27-gauge or 23-gauge surgery with a 7500 cuts-per-minute vitrectomy probe. The most common reasons for vitrectomy were epiretinal membrane (49%) and vitreous hemorrhage (24%).

Autologous Retinal Transplant for Refractory Macular Holes: Multicenter International Collaborative Study Group.

Purpose: To report the structural and functional outcomes of autologous neurosensory retinal transplant for closure of refractory large macular holes (MHs).

Design: Multicenter, retrospective, consecutive case series.

Participants: A total of 41 eyes of 41 patients with a full-thickness MH refractory to prior vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peel and tamponade.

Clinical-grade stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium patch rescues retinal degeneration in rodents and pigs.

Considerable progress has been made in testing stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) as a potential therapy for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, the recent reports of oncogenic mutations in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) underlie the need for robust manufacturing and functional validation of clinical-grade iPSC-derived RPE before transplantation. Here, we developed oncogenic mutation-free clinical-grade iPSCs from three AMD patients and differentiated them into clinical-grade iPSC-RPE patches on biodegradable scaffolds.

Efficacy and Safety of Intravitreal Conbercept, Ranibizumab, and Triamcinolone on 23-Gauge Vitrectomy for Patients with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.

Introduction: To compare the effect and safety of intravitreal conbercept (IVC), intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR), or intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) injection on 23-gauge (23-G) pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

Methods: Fifty patients (60 eyes) of varying degrees of PDR were randomly grouped into 3 groups (1 : 1 : 1) ( = 20 in each group). The 23-G PPV was performed with intravitreal conbercept or ranibizumab injection 3-7 days before surgery or intravitreal TA injection during surgery.

Vancomycin-Associated Hemorrhagic Occlusive Retinal Vasculitis: Clinical Characteristics of 36 Eyes.

Purpose: To expand understanding of presentation, diagnosis, and outcomes of hemorrhagic occlusive retinal vasculitis (HORV).

Design: Retrospective case series.

Participants: Thirty-six eyes of 23 patients.

Src drives the Warburg effect and therapy resistance by inactivating pyruvate dehydrogenase through tyrosine-289 phosphorylation.

The Warburg effect, which reflects cancer cells' preference for aerobic glycolysis over glucose oxidation, contributes to tumor growth, progression and therapy resistance. The restraint on pyruvate flux into mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in cancer cells is in part attributed to the inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex. Src is a prominent oncogenic non-receptor tyrosine kinase that promotes cancer cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis and resistance to conventional and targeted therapies.

Circulating Autoantibodies in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Recognize Human Macular Tissue Antigens Implicated in Autophagy, Immunomodulation, and Protection from Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis.

Background: We investigated sera from elderly subjects with and without age-related macular degeneration (AMD) for presence of autoantibodies (AAbs) against human macular antigens and characterized their identity.

Methods: Sera were collected from participants in the Age-Related Maculopathy Ancillary (ARMA) Study, a cross-sectional investigation ancillary to the Health ABC Study, enriched with participants from the general population. The resulting sample (mean age: 79.

25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy with medium-term postoperative perfluoro-n-octane for the repair of giant retinal tears.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the treatment of giant retinal tears (GRTs) with 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and medium-term postoperative perfluoro-n-octane (MT-PFO).

Methods: The study was a retrospective interventional case series of consecutive patients with GRTs treated with 25-gauge PPV and postoperative MT-PFO for a period of 2-3 weeks. A second, staged procedure was performed in all patients for PFO removal.

Fluidics and cutter dynamics.

An understanding of the physics and engineering principles underlying vitrectomy fluidics and cutter function is essential as we seek to improve outcomes by reducing iatrogenic retinal breaks and facilitate removal of all traction. One of the many challenges facing the vitreoretinal community working in collaboration with engineers developing new systems is the difficulty in moving forward from obsolete, less effective, and potentially higher-risk techniques and parameters. The notion that 20-gauge vitrectomy is the 'gold standard' and should be used for difficult cases is simply wrong.

Anatomical and visual outcomes after two-port pars plana vitrectomy reoperation under silicone oil for epimacular membrane or recurrent retinal detachment.

Purpose: To describe the anatomical and visual outcomes in a series of patients undergoing two-port pars plana vitrectomy reoperation under silicone oil for recurrent retinal detachment (RD) due to proliferative vitreoretinopathy or epimacular membrane (EMM) after RD repair.

Methods: This study is a prospective, consecutive, interventional case series of patients presenting with recurrent RD or EMM under silicone oil. Two-port 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy reoperation without an infusion port was performed in all cases.

Foreign body response within postoperative perfluoro-N-octane for retinal detachment repair: clinical features, grading system, and histopathology.

Purpose: To describe the clinical and histopathologic characteristics of inflammatory deposits occurring within intermediate duration postoperative perfluoro-n-octane (PFO) for inferior retinal detachment repair.

Methods: Prospective interventional case series of consecutive patients with inferior retinal detachment treated with intermediate duration postoperative vitreous cavity PFO endotamponade were analyzed by ophthalmoscopy for the presence of inflammation and white deposits. Ten consecutive samples developing white deposits were analyzed microscopically.

Pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane removal in type 2 idiopathic macular telangiectasia.

Purpose: To report the anatomical and visual outcomes in a series of patients with type 2 idiopathic macular telangiectasia (mactel) and cystic foveal changes treated with pars plana vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane removal.

Methods: Five eyes of 3 patients with mactel were treated with 25-gauge sutureless transconjunctival pars plana vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane peeling. Complete clinical examination, including serial spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, was performed preoperatively and postoperatively.

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography characteristics of retained subretinal perfluoro-n-octane.

Purpose: To describe the spectral domain optical coherence tomography characteristics of retained subretinal perfluoro-n-octane (SR-PFO) after vitreoretinal surgery.

Methods: Consecutive patients referred for retained SR-PFO after pars plana vitrectomy for retinal detachment were prospectively evaluated with spectral domain optical coherence tomography. The clinical findings, fundus autofluorescence, spectral domain optical coherence tomography images, and anatomical outcomes, were reviewed.

Arcuate retinotomy for the repair of large macular holes.

Background And Objective: To present a case series to elucidate a novel technique that involves the creation of an arcuate retinotomy in the treatment of large macular holes after failed primary repair.

Patients And Methods: retrospective chart review. Six eyes (six patients) with large macular holes, all of which had failed primary repair, underwent 25 gauge pars plana vitrectomy revision coupled with full thickness arcuate retinotomy temporal to the macular hole and fluid-gas exchange.

25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy with medium-term postoperative perfluoro-n-octane tamponade for inferior retinal detachment.

Background And Objective: To describe a series of patients with inferior retinal detachments managed with primary 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), 2 to 3 weeks of postoperative perfluoro-n-octane (MT-PFO) tamponade, and upright positioning followed by secondary PPV and PFO removal.

Patients And Methods: Interventional case series of 157 patients with inferior retinal detachments with and without proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Eyes were treated with 25-gauge PPV, endophotocoagulation, and MT-PFO tamponade.

Delayed onset inner nuclear layer cystic changes following internal limiting membrane removal for epimacular membrane.

Purpose: To report the rare occurrence of new inner nuclear layer cystic spaces occurring in eyes treated with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and internal limiting membrane (ILM) removal for idiopathic epimacular membrane (EMM).

Materials And Methods: Consecutive patients with EMM without preoperative retinal cystic changes undergoing PPV with ILM peeling were retrospectively evaluated. Patients developing a characteristic inner nuclear layer cystic change were analyzed.

Pars plana vitrectomy with medium-term postoperative perfluoro-N-octane for recurrent inferior retinal detachment complicated by advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

Purpose: To describe a series of patients with recurrent inferior retinal detachment complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) treated with pars plana vitrectomy and postoperative perfluoro-n-octane (PFO).

Methods: Consecutive patients with recurrent inferior retinal detachment and Grade C PVR were prospectively treated with 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy and postoperative "medium-term" PFO for 2- to 3-week duration. All patients had subsequent PFO removal in a planned staged procedure.

Intravitreal fluorinated gas preference and occurrence of rare ischemic postoperative complications after pars plana vitrectomy: a survey of the american society of retina specialists.

Objective. To perform a survey of the American Society of Retina Specialists (ASRS) regarding the use of vitreous cavity fluorinated gas as an adjunct to pars plana vitrectomy for retinal detachment or macular hole repair. Methods.