Structure-activity relationships of 2-pyrimidinecarbohydrazides as utrophin modulators for the potential treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

A therapeutic approach that holds the potential to treat all Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patient populations is utrophin modulation. Ezutromid, a first generation utrophin modulator which was later found to act via antagonism of the arylhydrocarbon receptor, progressed to Phase 2 clinical trials. Although interim data showed target engagement and functional improvements, ezutromid ultimately failed to meet its clinical endpoints.

Utility of Routine Intraoperative Ureteral Frozen Section Analysis at Radical Cystectomy: Outcomes from a Regional Australian Center.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to look at the usefulness and cost effectiveness of intraoperative frozen section analysis (FSA) of the ureters at the time of radical cystectomy.

Methods: Pathology notes of patients undergoing radical cystectomy for primary bladder cancer between the years 2000-2015 at our institution were reviewed.

Results: A total of 196 ureteric specimens from 98 patients were reviewed.

Substituted indole-1-acetic acids as potent and selective CRTh2 antagonists-discovery of AZD1981.

Novel indole-3-thio-, 3-sulfonyl- and 3-oxy-aryl-1-acetic acids are reported which are potent, selective antagonists of the chemoattractant receptor-homologous expressed on Th2 lymphocytes receptor (CRTh2 or DP2). Optimization required maintenance of high CRTh2 potency whilst achieving a concomitant reduction in rates of metabolism, removal of cyp p450 inhibition and minimization of aldose reductase and aldehyde reductase activity. High quality compounds suitable for in vivo studies are highlighted, culminating in the discovery of AZD1981 (22).

Switching between agonists and antagonists at CRTh2 in a series of highly potent and selective biaryl phenoxyacetic acids.

A novel series of biaryl phenoxyacetic acids was discovered as potent, selective antagonists of the chemoattractant receptor-homologous expressed on Th2 lymphocytes receptor (CRTh2 or DP2). A hit compound 4 was discovered from high throughput screening. Modulation of multiple aryl substituents afforded both agonists and antagonists, with small changes often reversing the mode of action.

Hit-to-lead studies: the discovery of potent, orally active, thiophenecarboxamide IKK-2 inhibitors.

A hit-to-lead optimisation programme was carried out on the thiophenecarboxamide high throughput screening hits 1 and 2 resulting in the discovery of the potent and orally bioavailable IKK-2 inhibitor 22.

Hit-to-Lead studies: the discovery of potent adamantane amide P2X7 receptor antagonists.

A Hit-to-Lead optimisation programme was carried out on the adamantane high throughput screening hit 1 resulting in the discovery of a number of potent P2X(7) antagonists.

Hit-to-lead studies: the discovery of potent, orally bioavailable triazolethiol CXCR2 receptor antagonists.

A Hit-to-Lead optimisation programme was carried out on the high throughput screening hit, the triazolethiol 1, resulting in the discovery of the potent, orally bioavailable triazolethiol CXCR2 receptor antagonist 45.