Ancillary procedures necessary for translational research in experimental craniomaxillofacial surgery.

Introduction: Swine are often regarded as having analogous facial skeletons to humans and therefore serve as an ideal animal model for translational investigation. However, there is a dearth of literature describing the pertinent ancillary procedures required for craniomaxillofacial research. With this in mind, our objective was to evaluate all necessary procedures required for perioperative management and animal safety related to experimental craniomaxillofacial surgical procedures such as orthotopic, maxillofacial transplantation.

Revisiting the scapular flap: applications in extremity coverage for our U.S. combat casualties.

Background: Combat injuries commonly result in massive bony and soft-tissue destruction within the extremities. These extremity wounds often require large free tissue transfers and/or composite flaps for definitive reconstruction. In U.