SARS-CoV-2 control on a large urban college campus without mass testing.

Objective: A small percentage of universities and colleges conducted mass SARS-CoV-2 testing. However, universal testing is resource-intensive, strains national testing capacity, and false negative tests can encourage unsafe behaviors.

Participants: A large urban university campus.

Association Between Improved Mobility and Distal Health Outcomes.

Background: We examined the association between improved mobility and distal health outcomes in older adults using secondary analysis of data from a cluster-randomized controlled group exercise trial.

Methods: Participants were 303 men and women aged ≥65 and older in 32 independent living facilities, senior apartments, and community centers who participated in 12-week group exercise interventions. Included were those who completed ≥1 follow-up phone call regarding outcomes assessment in the following year.

Improving Patient Reported Outcomes and Preventing Depression and Anxiety in Older Adults With Knee Osteoarthritis: Results of a Sequenced Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART) Study.

Objective: Older adults with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and comorbid subsyndromal depressive symptoms are at elevated risk for incidental major depression or anxiety disorders. Using an indicated prevention paradigm, the authors conducted a sequenced multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) to: 1) evaluate the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and physical therapy (PT), together with the temporal ordering of these interventions, on patient-reported global impression of change (P-GIC), mood, anxiety, and pain; and 2) compare the strategies' impact on incidence of common psychiatric disorders over 12-months.

Methods: This intervention development trial compared four adaptive strategies delivered in two stages (each up to 8 weeks), contrasted with enhanced usual care (EUC).

Direct Release of Test Results to Patients Increases Patient Engagement and Utilization of Care.

An important focus for meaningful use criteria is to engage patients in their care by allowing them online access to their health information, including test results. There has been little evaluation of such initiatives. Using a mixed methods analysis of electronic health record data, surveys, and qualitative interviews, we examined the impact of allowing patients to view their test results via patient portal in one large health system.

Challenges and Solutions for Depression Prevention Research: Methodology for a Depression Prevention Trial for Older Adults with Knee Arthritis and Emotional Distress.

Objective: To describe the methodology, challenges, and baseline characteristics of a prevention development trial entitled "Reducing Pain, Preventing Depression."

Methods: A sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) compared sequences of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and physical therapy for knee pain and prevention of depression and anxiety. Participants were randomized to CBT, physical therapy, or enhanced usual care and followed for 12 months for new-episode depression or anxiety.

What can be learned from the types of community benefit programs that hospitals already have in place?

After implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) how will tax-exempt hospitals adjust their community benefit programs to maintain their non-profit status? This literature review categorized existing hospital-based community benefit programs by reviewing published articles that met the following inclusion criteria: affiliated or funded by a hospital; described the program design; focused on community benefit or outreach; evaluated program outcomes; located within the United States. Of 4,917 original citations, we reviewed 265 full-text articles. One hundred and six (106) programs met all inclusion criteria and were used to develop a hospital-based community benefit program taxonomy.

Homophily and health behavior in social networks of older adults.

A common network phenomenon, homophily, involves developing relationships with others who are similar to you. The intent of this study was to determine if older adults' health behaviors were shared within social networks. We interviewed older adults from low-income senior housing (egos) on egocentric social network characteristics and key health behaviors for themselves and for named social ties (alters).

Attitudes and beliefs about mental health among African American older adults suffering from depression.

Depression among older adults is a major public health concern leading to increased disability and mortality. Less than 3% of older adults utilize professional mental health services for the treatment of depression, less than any other adult age group. And despite similar rates of depression, African Americans are significantly less likely to seek, engage and be retained in professional mental health services than their white counterparts.

Barriers to treatment and culturally endorsed coping strategies among depressed African-American older adults.

Objective: Older adults are particularly vulnerable to the effects of depression, however, they are less likely to seek and engage in mental health treatment. African-American older adults are even less likely than their White counterparts to seek and engage in mental health treatment. This qualitative study examined the experience of being depressed among African-American elders and their perceptions of barriers confronted when contemplating seeking mental health services.

Daily temporal self-care responses to osteoarthritis symptoms by older African Americans and whites.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent form of arthritis and is among the most prevalent chronic conditions in the USA. Because there is no known cure for OA, treatment is directed towards the alleviation of pain, improving function, and limiting disability. The major burden of care falls on the individual, who tailors personal systems of care to alleviate troublesome symptoms.

Contributing factors and issues associated with rural ambulance crashes: literature review and annotated bibliography.

Ambulance crashes occur with greater frequency and severity than crashes involving vehicles of similar size and weight characteristics. Crashes in rural areas tend to be more severe in terms of injury or death to vehicle occupants. The purpose of this article was to examine the extant literature, as well as summarize and discuss the overlapping findings of that body of literature.

Attenuated central nervous system infection in advanced HIV/AIDS with combination antiretroviral therapy.

Background: Before the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (CART), neurological disease correlated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA.

Objective: To investigate the relationships among HIV RNA levels, immune activation markers, and neurological status in patients receiving CART.

Design: Multicenter cohort study.

HIV-associated cognitive impairment before and after the advent of combination therapy.

The objective of this study was to describe the occurrence of HIV dementia and neuropsychological testing abnormalities in a new cohort of HIV-seropositive individuals at high risk for HIV dementia and to compare these results to a cohort before the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). HAART has been associated with improvements in cognitive performance in some HIV-infected patients. However, it is uncertain whether HAART has changed the frequency of specific neurocognitive abnormalities.