The relationship of cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, and coronary artery calcification to cardiovascular disease events in CARDIA participants.

Aims: Moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and coronary artery calcification (CAC) are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. While a U-shaped relationship between CRF or MVPA and CAC has been reported, the presence of CAC among highly fit individuals might be benign. We examined interactive associations of CRF or MVPA and CAC with outcomes and evaluated the relationship of CRF and MVPA to CAC incidence.

Reflections on four decades of physical activity epidemiology.

• Broad topics in physical activity (PA) epidemiology have remained the same over 40 years; specific issues and questions have changed and challenges remain. • Accelerometry has made many advances in PA measurement, but created new methodological challenges. • The benefit of regular PA for a wide array of health outcomes has been well-established, but specificity is still needed about dose response relations.

Advances in Adherence Reporting of Resistance Training in a Clinical Trial during Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Colon Cancer.

Purpose: Detailed reporting of individually tailored exercise prescriptions (ExR x ) used in clinical trials is essential to describe feasibility, tolerability, and efficacy of the intervention and to inform translation to clinical care. This article outlines the methodology used to develop a resistance training (RT) ExR x for people with colon cancer receiving chemotherapy and reports adherence to the randomized controlled trial testing the impact of RT on relative dose intensity of chemotherapy and patient-reported toxicities.

Methods: Participants randomized to the exercise arm ( n = 90) were included.

Androgenicity in Young Women and Development of Metabolic Syndrome Before Menopause: The CARDIA and CARDIA Women's Studies.

Context: There are no reported data from prospective long-term studies on the relation of androgen levels in young women with development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) before menopause.

Objective: We investigated associations of androgens and SHBG with incident MetS during 23 years of follow-up.

Methods: We included 366 White and 375 Black women ages 20 to 32 years participating in the CARDIA study and CARDIA Women's study, free of MetS at baseline examination (1987-1988), and premenopausal 23 years later.

Associations between occupational physical activity and left ventricular structure and function over 25 years in CARDIA.

Aims: Leisure time physical activity (LTPA) confers cardiovascular health benefits, while occupational physical activity (OPA) may have paradoxically negative health associations. This study tested the explanatory hypothesis that unfavourable cardiac remodelling may result from chronic OPA-induced cardiovascular strain.

Methods And Results: Longitudinal associations of OPA and left ventricular (LV) structure and function were examined in 1462 participants {50.

D3-creatine dilution, computed tomography and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for assessing myopenia and physical function in colon cancer: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Low skeletal muscle mass (myopenia) is common in cancer populations and is associated with functional decline and mortality, but prior oncology studies did not assess total body skeletal muscle mass. Instead, they measured surrogates such as cross-sectional area (CSA) of skeletal muscle at L3 from computed tomography (CT) or appendicular lean mass (ALM) from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). D3-creatine (D3Cr) dilution is a non-invasive method to assess total body skeletal muscle mass, which has been examined in a variety of populations but not in cancer.

Method for Activity Sleep Harmonization (MASH): a novel method for harmonizing data from two wearable devices to estimate 24-h sleep-wake cycles.

Background: Daily 24-h sleep-wake cycles have important implications for health, however researcher preferences in choice and location of wearable devices for behavior measurement can make 24-h cycles difficult to estimate. Further, missing data due to device malfunction, improper initialization, and/or the participant forgetting to wear one or both devices can complicate construction of daily behavioral compositions. The Method for Activity Sleep Harmonization (MASH) is a process that harmonizes data from two different devices using data from women who concurrently wore hip (waking) and wrist (sleep) devices for ≥ 4 days.

Thirteen-Year Associations of Occupational and Leisure-Time Physical Activity with Cardiorespiratory Fitness in CARDIA.

Purpose: Differential effects on fitness are hypothesized to contribute to the opposing health effects of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and occupational physical activity (OPA). As such, this study examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of fitness with LTPA and OPA.

Methods: This study examined fitness associations with LTPA and OPA across 13 yr in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study (years 7 (baseline), 10, 15, and 20 (follow-up) examinations).

Leisure time physical activity and bone mineral density preservation during the menopause transition and postmenopause: a longitudinal cohort analysis from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN).

Background: Whether greater leisure time physical activity (LTPA) is associated with less bone mineral density (BMD) loss during the menopause transition (MT) remains an open question. We hypothesized that: 1) larger increases in LTPA from pre-/early perimenopause (period 1) to late perimenopause/postmenopause (period 2) would be associated with a slower period 2 BMD loss rate; and 2) greater entire-study LTPA levels would be associated with better final absolute BMD (g/cm).

Methods: Data were from of the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (1996-2017).

The prospective association of hyperandrogenism, oligomenorrhea and polycystic ovary syndrome with incident gestational diabetes: The coronary artery risk development in young adults women's study.

In this 28-year prospective study of 455 women (mean age: 26 years), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was associated with a 2.6-fold elevated risk of gestational diabetes (GDM). However, hyperandrogenism or oligomenorrhea in the absence of PCOS was not associated with GDM.

Analysis of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Early Adulthood and Midlife With All-Cause Mortality and Fatal or Nonfatal Cardiovascular Disease.

Importance: Optimizing cardiovascular fitness is a prevention strategy against premature death and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. Since this evidence has largely been established in older populations, the importance of cardiorespiratory fitness during earlier periods of adulthood remains unclear.

Objective: To examine the association of early-adulthood cardiorespiratory fitness and percentage of early-adulthood cardiorespiratory fitness retained during midlife with subsequent risk of all-cause mortality and CVD-related morbidity and mortality overall as well as by sex and race.

Quantifying physical activity across the midlife: Does consideration of perceived exertion matter?

Many questionnaires ascertain physical activity (PA) frequency, duration, and intensity to benchmark achievement of PA recommendations. However, most scoring algorithms utilize absolute intensity estimates when exertion may be influenced by age or health characteristics. This study quantified PA estimates with and without adjustments for perceived exertion and evaluated if differences were associated with individual-level characteristics.

Factors Associated with Age-Related Declines in Cardiorespiratory Fitness from Early Adulthood Through Midlife: CARDIA.

Purpose: This study aimed to describe maximal and submaximal cardiorespiratory fitness from early adulthood to midlife and examine differences in maximal fitness at age 20 yr and changes in fitness overtime by subcategories of sociodemographic, behavioral, and health-related factors.

Methods: Data include 5018 Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults participants (mean (SD) age, 24.8 (3.

Steps per Day and All-Cause Mortality in Middle-aged Adults in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study.

Importance: Steps per day is a meaningful metric for physical activity promotion in clinical and population settings. To guide promotion strategies of step goals, it is important to understand the association of steps with clinical end points, including mortality.

Objective: To estimate the association of steps per day with premature (age 41-65 years) all-cause mortality among Black and White men and women.

Longitudinal bidirectional associations of physical activity and depressive symptoms: The CARDIA study.

Depression affects many aspects of health and may be attenuated through increases in physical activity. While bidirectional associations between physical activity (PA) and depressive symptoms have been examined, few studies have examined these associations using both self-reported and accelerometer-estimated measures. Using data from Years 20 (2005-06, age 38-50) and 30 of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study (N = 2,871), the bidirectional associations between moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and depressive symptoms were examined using a cross-lagged panel model.

Associations of accelerometer-determined sedentary behavior and physical activity with physical performance outcomes by race/ethnicity in older women.

To determine the cross-sectional associations of accelerometer-measured time spent in physical activity intensity categories (sedentary, low and high light intensity, or moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) with physical performance outcomes [stair climb ascent, 40 foot walk test, and short physical performance battery (SPPB)] in older women and examine differences by race/ethnicity. Data were from 1,256 Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) participants [aged 64.9 (2.

Bidirectional associations of accelerometer-derived physical activity and stationary behavior with self-reported mental and physical health during midlife.

Background: Moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) is associated with favorable self-rated mental and physical health. Conversely, poor self-rated health in these domains could precede unfavorable shifts in activity. We evaluated bidirectional associations of accelerometer-estimated time spent in stationary behavior (SB), light intensity physical activity (LPA), and MVPA with self-rated health over 10 years in in the CARDIA longitudinal cohort study.

Cardiovascular risk and functional burden at midlife: Prospective associations of isotemporal reallocations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time in the CARDIA study.

Cardiovascular risk and functional burden, or the accumulation of cardiovascular risk factors coupled with functional decline, may be an important risk state analogy to multimorbidity. We investigated prospective associations of sedentary time (ST), light intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) with cardiovascular risk and functional burden at midlife. Participants were 1648 adults (mean ± SD age = 45 ± 4 years, 61% female, 39% Black) from Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) who wore accelerometers in 2005-2006 and 2015-2016.

Bidirectional associations of accelerometer measured sedentary behavior and physical activity with knee pain, stiffness, and physical function: The CARDIA study.

The objective was to examine bidirectional associations of accelerometer estimated sedentary time and physical activity with reported knee symptoms. Participants were 2,034 adults (mean age 45.3 ± 3.

Dual trajectories of physical activity and blood lipids in midlife women: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.

Background: Physical activity (PA) has the potential to attenuate cardiovascular disease risk in midlife women through multiple pathways, including improving lipid profiles. Longitudinal patterns of PA and blood lipid levels have not been studied in midlife women. Our study identified trajectories of PA and blood lipids across midlife and characterized the associations between these trajectories.

Cardiovascular risk and midlife cognitive decline in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.

Introduction: Cardiovascular risk factors in midlife have been linked to late life risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). The relation of vascular risk factors on cognitive decline within midlife has been less studied.

Methods: Using data from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation, we examined associations of midlife hypertension, elevated lipid levels, diabetes, fasting glucose, central adiposity, and Framingham heart age with rates of cognitive decline in women who completed multiple cognitive assessments of processing speed, and working and verbal memory during midlife.

Associations between longitudinal trajectories of insomnia symptoms and sleep duration with objective physical function in postmenopausal women: the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.

Study Objectives: Examine the association between trajectories of self-reported insomnia symptoms and sleep duration over 13 years with objective physical function.

Methods: We utilized data from 1,627 Study of Women's Health Across the Nation participants, aged 61.9 ± 2.

Association of Physical Activity and Physical Functioning Phenotypes With Fall Risk Among Women.

Physical activity (PA) may slow aging-related declines in physical functioning (PF), but the relationship of PA and falls is not well understood. This study examined the association of PA and PF with falls. The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation participants ( = 1597; age: 65.