Impact of a reduced metabolizable protein supply during the transition period on the immune and metabolic status of dairy cows.

During the transition period, the incidence of diseases increases due to a negative energy balance that affects metabolic and immune status. Limiting milk production at the beginning of lactation by milking once a day or by incompletely milking twice a day improves the metabolic and immune status of cows. Previous studies have shown that milk production is highly responsive to additional MP.

In vivo imaging of the human brain with the Iseult 11.7-T MRI scanner.

The understanding of the human brain is one of the main scientific challenges of the twenty-first century. In the early 2000s, the French Atomic Energy Commission launched a program to conceive and build a human magnetic resonance imaging scanner operating at 11.7 T.

Biofilm Dairy Foods Review: Effect of biofilm production on antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus bovine mastitis strains from the most prevalent Canadian spa types.

Staphylococcus aureus intramammary infections often leads to clinical and subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle. Prediction of disease evolution and treatment efficacy based on the characteristics of disease-causing strains of S. aureus would significantly improve management of dairy herds.

The possible influence of third-order shim coils on gradient-magnet interactions: an inter-field and inter-site study.

Objective: To assess the possible influence of third-order shim coils on the behavior of the gradient field and in gradient-magnet interactions at 7 T and above.

Materials And Methods: Gradient impulse response function measurements were performed at 5 sites spanning field strengths from 7 to 11.7 T, all of them sharing the same exact whole-body gradient coil design.

Impact of field imperfections correction on BOLD sensitivity in 3D-SPARKLING fMRI data.

Purpose: Static and dynamic field imperfections are detrimental to functional MRI (fMRI) applications, especially at ultra-high magnetic fields (UHF). In this work, a field camera is used to assess the benefits of retrospectively correcting field perturbations on Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) sensitivity in non-Cartesian three-dimensional (3D)-SPARKLING fMRI acquisitions.

Methods: fMRI data were acquired at 1 mm and for a 2.

Effective Treatment of Intramammary Infection in a Murine Model Using the Bacteriophage Cocktail StaphLyse™.

causes intramammary infections (IMIs), which are refractory to antibiotic treatment and frequently result in chronic mastitis. IMIs are the leading cause of conventional antibiotic use in dairy farms. Phage therapy represents an alternative to antibiotics to help better manage mastitis in cows, reducing the global spread of resistance.

Behavioral and functional assessment of mice inner ear after chronic exposure to an ultrahigh B field of 11.7 T or 17.2 T.

Purpose: Assess short-term and long-term effects of chronic exposure to an ultrahigh static magnetic (B ) field on mice inner ear in the context of MR safety of human scanning at 11.7 T.

Methods: Mice were chronically exposed to a B field of 11.

Magnetic field strength dependent SNR gain at the center of a spherical phantom and up to 11.7T.

Purpose: The SNR at the center of a spherical phantom of known electrical properties was measured in quasi-identical experimental conditions as a function of magnetic field strength between 3 T and 11.7 T.

Methods: The SNR was measured at the center of a spherical water saline phantom with a gradient-recalled echo sequence.

Standardized universal pulse: A fast RF calibration approach to improve flip angle accuracy in parallel transmission.

Purpose: In parallel transmission (pTX), subject-tailored RF pulses allow achieving excellent flip angle (FA) accuracy but often require computationally extensive online optimizations, precise characterization of the static field ( ), and the transmit RF field ( ) distributions. This costs time and requires expertise from the MR user. Universal pulses (UPs) have been proposed to reduce this burden, yet, with a penalty in FA accuracy.

Effect of different fatty acids on the proliferation and cytokine production of dairy cow peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

During the transition period, dairy cows often experience negative energy balance, which induces metabolic and immunological disturbances. Our previous work has shown a relationship between the inhibition of immune functions and increased blood nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels. In this study, we evaluated the effect of 11 fatty acids (palmitoleic, myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, docosahexaenoic, conjugated linoleic, lauric, eicosapentaenoic, and linolenic acids) as well as a mix that represented the NEFA profile observed during the transition period at different concentrations (0, 50, 100, and 250 µM) on proliferation and cytokines secretion of lymphocytes.

Temporal SNR optimization through RF coil combination in fMRI: The more, the better?

For functional MRI with a multi-channel receiver RF coil, images are often reconstructed channel by channel, resulting into multiple images per time frame. The final image to analyze usually is the result of the covariance Sum-of-Squares (covSoS) combination across these channels. Although this reconstruction is quasi-optimal in SNR, it is not necessarily the case in terms of temporal SNR (tSNR) of the time series, which is yet a more relevant metric for fMRI data quality.

Measuring radiofrequency field-induced temperature variations in brain MRI exams with motion compensated MR thermometry and field monitoring.

Purpose: An MR thermometry (MRT) method with motion and field fluctuation compensation is proposed to measure non-invasively sub-degree brain temperature variations occurring through radiofrequency (RF) power deposition during MR exams.

Methods: MRT at 7T with a multi-slice echo planar imaging (EPI) sequence and concurrent field monitoring was first tested in vitro to assess accuracy in the presence of external field perturbations, an optical probe being used for ground truth. In vivo, this strategy was complemented by a motion compensation scheme based on a dictionary pre-scan, as reported in some previous work, and was adapted to the human brain.

Relative virulence of Staphylococcus aureus bovine mastitis strains representing the main Canadian spa types and clonal complexes as determined using in vitro and in vivo mastitis models.

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main pathogens leading to both clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis in dairy cattle. Prediction of disease evolution based on the characteristics of Staph. aureus isolates that cause intramammary infections and understanding the host-pathogen interactions may improve management of mastitis in dairy herds.

Immune and experimental infection responses of dairy cows vaccinated with the combination of six Staphylococcus aureus proteins that are expressed during bovine intramammary infection and a triple adjuvant.

Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of bovine intramammary infections (IMI). Standard antibiotic treatments are not very effective and currently available vaccines lack tangible efficacy. Developing a vaccine formulation for S.

RF heating measurement using MR thermometry and field monitoring: Methodological considerations and first in vivo results.

Purpose: A MR thermometry (MRT) method with field monitoring is proposed to improve the measurement of small temperature variations induced in brain MRI exams.

Methods: MR thermometry experiments were performed at 7 Tesla with concurrent field monitoring and RF heating. Images were reconstructed with nominal k-space trajectories and with first-order spherical harmonics correction.

Comparison of SMS-EPI and 3D-EPI at 7T in an fMRI localizer study with matched spatiotemporal resolution and homogenized excitation profiles.

The simultaneous multi-slice EPI (SMS-EPI, a.k.a.

Partial prediction of the duration and the clinical status of Staphylococcus aureus bovine intramammary infections based on the phenotypic and genotypic analysis of isolates.

Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterial pathogen causing bovine intramammary infections (IMIs) often leading to chronic clinical or subclinical mastitis. Predicting the outcome of S. aureus IMIs (duration and clinical vs subclinical) based on the characterization of isolates would help to make better case management decisions.

Measurements of Diffusion and Perfusion in Vertebral Bone Marrow Using Intravoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM) With Multishot, Readout-Segmented (RESOLVE) Echo-Planar Imaging.

Background: A limited number of studies have used the intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) approach on bone marrow. In none of the previous studies were the effects of fat suppression on the IVIM parameters investigated.

Purpose: To measure the water diffusion coefficient and the perfusion fraction in vertebral bone marrow using IVIM with multishot, readout-segmented (RESOLVE) echo-planar imaging and to assess the effects of different fat suppression techniques on the measurement of the IVIM parameters.

In vitro antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm production of Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered from bovine intramammary infections that persisted or not following extended therapies with cephapirin, pirlimycin or ceftiofur.

Staphylococcus aureus intramammary infections (IMIs) have low cure rates using standard antibiotic treatment and increasing the duration of treatment usually improves therapeutic success. Chronic IMIs are thought to be caused by bacteria presenting a specific virulence phenotype that includes the capacity to produce greater amounts of biofilm. In this study, antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm production by S.

Innovative dairy cow management to improve resistance to metabolic and infectious diseases during the transition period.

The incidence of metabolic and infectious diseases varies greatly during the lactation cycle. Most new cases of clinical mastitis appear at the beginning of lactation, and the incidence increases with the level of milk production. In addition to mastitis, many other infectious diseases become clinically apparent during the first 2weeks of lactation.

Antibiofilm and antibacterial effects of specific chitosan molecules on Staphylococcus aureus isolates associated with bovine mastitis.

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major pathogens causing bovine intramammary infections (IMIs) and mastitis. Mastitis is the primary cause for the use of antibiotics in dairy farms but therapeutic failure is often observed. One of the reasons for the lack of effectiveness of antibiotic therapy despite the observed susceptibility of bacterial isolates in vitro are bacterial biofilms.

A fast method for the quantification of fat fraction and relaxation times: Comparison of five sites of bone marrow.

Purpose: Bone marrow is found either as red bone marrow, which mainly contains haematopoietic cells, or yellow bone marrow, which mainly contains adipocytes. In adults, red bone marrow is principally located in the axial skeleton. A recent study has introduced a method to simultaneously estimate the fat fraction (FF), the T1 and T2* relaxation times of water (T1w, T2*w) and fat (T1f and T2*f) in the vertebral bone marrow.

Breath-hold MR measurements of fat fraction, T1 , and T2 * of water and fat in vertebral bone marrow.

Purpose: To assess the feasibility of measuring the fat fraction, T1 and T2 * relaxation times of water and fat signals in vertebral bone marrow using breath-hold magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) gradient echo images of the spine.

Materials And Methods: MRI experiments were performed at 1.5T on eight healthy volunteers (35.