The Parental Centromere Sizes Remain Unaltered in Allopolyploid Wheat-Rye Hybrids.

Introduction: In chromatin nucleosomes, the presence - instead of canonical histone H3 - of its variant, CENH3 (in plants), is considered the most reliable marker of the location of centromeres. In this study, we investigated the effects of distant hybridization and maternal cytoplasm on centromere size in allopolyploid hybrids between wheat and rye as compared to their parental forms.

Methods: Centromere sizes were measured using 2D images of CENH3 fluorescent signals on interphase nuclei obtained from parental forms and a triticale hybrid (genomic formula AABBBRR), in which the maternal form is wheat and secalotriticum hybrids (genomic formula RRAABBB) in which the maternal form is rye.

Creation and study of emmer (Triticum dicoccum) × triticale hybrids.

Triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) is of great interest as an insurance crop that can ensure the stability of the gross harvest of feed and food grains at a lower cost. In Western Siberia, only winter triticale varieties are cultivated, however, spring triticales are important for cultivation in regions not suitable for winter crops. To create spring varieties with high yields and good grain quality, it is necessary to study and enrich the gene pool, identify donors of economically valuable traits.

The interphase period "germination-heading" of 8x and 6x triticale with different dominant Vrn genes.

The existing spring forms of wheat-rye amphiploids are characterized by late maturity due to the long duration of the interphase period "germination-heading". The manifestation of this trait is inf luenced by Vrn-1 genes. Their dominant alleles also determine the spring type of development.

A comparison of statistical methods for assessing winter wheat grain yield stability.

The multitude of existing methods for assessing the phenotypic stability of plants makes breeders be faced with the problem of choosing an appropriate variant. The purpose of this study was to compare different methods of analyzing the genotype × environment interaction and, on their basis, assess the stability of the yield of 7 varieties of winter wheat. The article compares 17 stability statistics by applying them to data obtained from agrotechnical experiments carried in 2009-2011 for evaluating the grain yield of 7 varieties of winter common wheat of Siberian selection (Novosibirskaya 32, Novosibirskaya 40, Novosibirskaya 51, Novosibirskaya 3, Novosibirskaya 2, Obskaya winter, Omskaya 6).

Cytogenetic and molecular characteristics of rye genome in octoploid triticale (× Wittmack).

Alloploidization resulting from remote (interspecific or intergeneric) hybridization is one of the main factors in plant evolution, leading to the formation of new species. Triticale (× Wittmack, 1889) is the first artificial species created by crossing wheat ( spp.) and rye ( Linnaeus, 1753) and has a great potential as a grain and forage crop.

CHARACTERIZATION OF CENTROMERIC HISTONE H3 VARIANTS IN ALLOPOLYPLOIDS OF WHEAT AND RYE.

Chromosome elimination of one parental species in hybrid cell observed even after successful fertilization is one of a common phenomenon and the main problems of remote hybridization. Centromeres regulate the process of faithful segregation of chromosomes during cell division. Constant component of the centromeric chromatin is a specialized histone H3 modification (CENH3).

[Analysis of dominant spring mutations in rye].

The dominant mutant genes responsible for the spring habit were studied in seven rye plants according to the developed scheme of two-step crosses and analysis of the F2 progeny. The genotypes with a particular genetic formula (heterozygote) were obtained by crossing the studied plants with the winter rye Korotkostebel'naya 69 carrying the recessive genes that control the winter habit of plants. Heterozygotes yielded by different combinations were crossed with each other.