Examining PTSD Prevalence Among Underserved Populations in the Integrated Community Mental Health Setting 2019 to 2022.

Background: The prevalence of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has been rising since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, and affects females, sexual and gender minorities, and individuals with social risks at higher rates.

Objective: This study examines if the prevalence of PTSD increased from 2019 to 2022 among patients who received care in a national network of safety-net, community-based health centers with integrated behavioral health programs that serve patients at high risk for PTSD.

Methods: We analyzed electronic health record data from patients with 1 or more behavioral health visits during 2019 to 2022 using repeated cross-sectional data to visualize trends.

Evaluating Two Educational Interventions for Enhancing COVID-19 Knowledge and Attitudes in a Sample American Indian/Alaska Native Population.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated existing healthcare disparities among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations rooted in historical traumas and systemic marginalization.

Methods: This study conducted at a single Indian Health Service (IHS) clinic in central Michigan evaluates two educational interventions for enhancing COVID-19 knowledge and attitudes in a sample AI/AN population. Utilizing a pre/post-intervention prospective study design, participants received either a video or infographic educational intervention, followed by a survey assessing their COVID-19 knowledge and attitudes.

Care Quality and Equity in Health Centers During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Introduction: Federally Qualified Community Health Centers (FQHCs) are on the frontline of efforts to improve healthcare equity and reduce disparities exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study assesses the provision and equity of preventive care and chronic disease management by FQHCs before, during, and after the pandemic.

Methods: Using electronic health record data from 210 FQHCs nationwide and employing segmented regression in an interrupted time series design, preventive screening and chronic disease management were assessed for 939,053 patients from 2019 to 2022.

Variation in multimorbidity by sociodemographics and social drivers of health among patients seen at community-based health centers.

Purpose: Understanding variation in multimorbidity across sociodemographics and social drivers of health is critical to reducing health inequities.

Methods: From the multi-state OCHIN network of community-based health centers (CBHCs), we identified a cross-sectional cohort of adult (> 25 years old) patients who had a visit between 2019-2021. We used generalized linear models to examine the relationship between the Multimorbidity Weighted Index (MWI) and sociodemographics and social drivers of health (Area Deprivation Index [ADI] and social risks [e.

Care Delivery in Community Health Centers Before, During, and After the COVID-19 Pandemic (2019-2022).

Introduction: Health centers provide primary and behavioral health care to the nation's safety net population. Many health centers served on the frontlines of the COVID-19 pandemic, which brought major changes to health center care delivery.

Objective: To elucidate primary care and behavioral health service delivery patterns in health centers before and during the COVID-19 public health emergency (PHE).

COVID-19 Virus and Vaccination Attitudes among Healthcare Workers in Michigan: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Defining the characteristics of healthcare worker (HCW) attitudes toward the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine can provide insights into vaccine hesitancy. This study's goal is to determine HCWs' attitudes regarding the COVID-19 vaccination and reasons for vaccine hesitancy.

Methods: This cross-sectional study surveyed HCWs working in institutions in Saginaw, Sanilac, and Wayne counties in Michigan (N = 120) using tipping-scale questions.

The impact of educational interventions on COVID-19 and vaccination attitudes among patients in Michigan: A prospective study.

Background: Mass vaccination serves as an effective strategy to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccine hesitancy is a recognized impediment to achieving a vaccination rate necessary to protect communities. However, solutions and interventions to address this issue are limited by a lack of prior research.

Exploration of the psychometric properties of the Person-Centred Primary Care Measure (PCPCM) in a Chinese primary care population in Hong Kong: a cross-sectional validation study.

Objectives: To evaluate the validity and psychometric properties of the Chinese Person-Centred Primary Care Measure (PCPCM) in a Chinese-speaking population.

Design: A cross-sectional study.

Setting: A primary care clinic in Hong Kong.

Psychological Effects of Screen Time in Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

As the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak is the first pandemic to occur in the modern smartphone era, people universally rely on their electronic devices to stay current on the rapidly evolving circumstances. The objective of this study was to examine how daily screen time levels affect the mental health of health care workers attempting to stay up to date on the ever-changing COVID-19-related information available to them. Health care workers at an academic teaching hospital were asked to participate in a 12-question online-based survey between the dates of May 30, 2020, and June 3, 2020.

Measuring Primary Care Across 35 OECD Countries.

Purpose: To examine the psychometric properties and scores of the Person-Centered Primary Care Measure (PCPCM) in 28 languages and 35 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries.

Methods: Using a paid online sampling service, we requested age- and sex-representative samples of 360 adults in each country. We administered the Person-Centered Primary Care Measure-a previously validated 11-item, patient-reported measure that was developed using what patients and clinicians said is most important about primary care.

Performance of the Person Centered Primary Care Measure in Pediatric Continuity Clinic.

Objective: Improvement efforts in pediatric primary care would benefit from measures that capture families' holistic experience of the practice. We sought to assess the reliability and validity of the new Person-Centered Primary Care Measure (PCPCM) in a pediatric resident continuity clinic serving low-income families.

Methods: We incorporated the 11-item PCPCM, stems adapted to reflect a parent responding about their child's visit, into a telephone survey of 194 parents presenting for care in October 2019 at a pediatric resident continuity clinic in Cleveland Ohio (64% response rate).

Cultural adaptation and content validity of a Chinese translation of the 'Person-Centered Primary Care Measure': findings from cognitive debriefing.

Objectives: To develop an equivalent Chinese translation of the Person-Centered Primary Care Measure (PCPCM) and to establish its cultural adaptability and content validity through cognitive debriefing.

Design: The original English PCPCM was first translated into Chinese by double forward-translation by professional translators. The reconciliated Chinese version was then doubly back-translated into English by two other professional translators blinded to the forward-translation.

Disparities and Variables Associated With Physical Restraint for Acute Agitation in a Nonpsychiatric Emergency Department.

Objective: To determine associations between the rate of physical restraint and demographic variables such as body mass index (BMI), ethnicity, sex, and age in the emergency department (ED) along with clinical variables such as various psychiatric diagnoses and medications.

Methods: This 6-month (October 1, 2016-March 30, 2017) retrospective chart review was conducted in the ED of a community hospital, which is also a teaching institution for medical students and residents but does not have access to psychiatry consultations via phone or in person. A total of 165 agitated patients were included in the study.

A New Comprehensive Measure of High-Value Aspects of Primary Care.

Purpose: To develop and evaluate a concise measure of primary care that is grounded in the experience of patients, clinicians, and health care payers.

Methods: We asked crowd-sourced samples of 412 patients, 525 primary care clinicians, and 85 health care payers to describe what provides value in primary care, then asked 70 primary care and health services experts in a 2½ day international conference to provide additional insights. A multidisciplinary team conducted a qualitative analysis of the combined data to develop a parsimonious set of patient-reported items.

Characteristics and Red Flag Correlates of Psychiatric Outpatients in a Mandated-Use Prescription Drug Monitoring Program State: A PBRN Card Study.

Objectives: All 50 states have implemented a Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP) in efforts to control prescription drug abuse. Many now mandate PDMP checks before clinicians prescribe controlled substances. The aim of this study was to characterize the associations between patient characteristics, red flags found on PDMP reports, and prescriber behavior at community mental health agencies.

A provider-observed tool to assess Oral Hygiene Skill Mastery (OHSIM) in human immunodeficiency virus-positive (HIV+) adults.

Aims: Periodontal diseases (PDs) affect nearly half of Americans ≥30 years old and are common in human immunodeficiency virus-positive (HIV+) adults. A validated measure of oral hygiene skill could improve tailored prevention-focused health communication.

Methods: We developed Oral Hygiene Skill Mastery (OHSIM), a provider-observed measure of toothbrushing and flossing ability.

Retrospective Comparison of Cardiac Testing and Results on Inpatients with Low Pretest Probability Compared with Moderate/High Pretest Probability for Coronary Artery Disease.

Objective: To determine whether admission, and provocative stress testing of patients who have ruled out for acute coronary syndrome put patients with low-risk category for coronary artery disease (CAD) at risk for false-positive provocative stress testing and unnecessary coronary angiogram/imaging.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on patients between 30 and 70 years old, with no pre-existing diagnosis of CAD, admitted to observation or inpatient status chest pain or related complaints. Included patients were categorized based on Duke Clinical Score for pretest probability for CAD into either low-risk group, or moderate/high-risk group.

The Hawthorne effect in direct observation research with physicians and patients.

Rationale, Aims, And Objectives: This study examines the degree to which a "Hawthorne effect" alters outpatient-visit content.

Methods: Trained research nurses directly observed 4454 visits to 138 family physicians. Multiple data sources were used to examine the Hawthorne effect including differences in medical record documentation for observed visits and the prior visit by the same patient, time use during visits on the first versus the second observation day of each physician, and report by the patient, physician, and observer of the effect of observation.

Development of a Measure of Incremental Behavior Change Toward Smoking Cessation.

Introduction: A reliable measure capable of detecting progression towards smoking cessation would be valuable for evaluating and optimizing the effectiveness of low- to moderate-intensity cessation interventions, such as brief advice in the primary care setting. This article presents the development and evaluation of a brief self-report measure of Incremental Behavior Change toward Smoking cessation (IBC-S).

Methods: Sequential samples of 411 and 399 adult smokers completed items representing a spectrum of behavioral and cognitive changes antecedent to smoking cessation.

Preventing Sudden Cardiac Death: Automated External Defibrillators in Ohio High Schools.

Context: Ohio passed legislation in 2004 for optional public funding of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) in all Ohio high schools.

Objective: To report occurrences of sudden cardiac arrest in which AEDs were used in Ohio high schools and to evaluate the adherence of Ohio high schools with AEDs to state law and published guidelines on AEDs and emergency action plans (EAPs) in schools.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Psychometric Evaluation of a Consumer-Developed Family-Centered Care Assessment Tool.

The objective of this study was to create a psychometrically sound measure of family-centered care, the Family-Centered Care Assessment (FCCA), developed through a process led by families in collaboration with maternal and child health leaders. The items for the FCCA scale were initially developed by families of children and youth with special needs in partnership with pediatric providers and researchers. Using an Institutional Review Board-approved research protocol, the questions were revised based on input from focus groups of diverse parents in three states.

Communication about the risks and benefits of phase I pediatric oncology trials.

Introduction: Phase 1 pediatric oncology trials offer only a small chance of direct benefit and may have significant risks and an impact on quality of life. To date, research has not examined discussions of risks and benefits during informed consent conferences for phase 1 pediatric oncology trials. The objective of the current study was to examine clinician and family communication about risks, benefits, and quality of life during informed consent conferences for phase 1 pediatric oncology trials.

Racial, gender, and socioeconomic status bias in senior medical student clinical decision-making: a national survey.

Background: Research suggests stereotyping by clinicians as one contributor to racial and gender-based health disparities. It is necessary to understand the origins of such biases before interventions can be developed to eliminate them. As a first step toward this understanding, we tested for the presence of bias in senior medical students.

Understanding and measuring health care insecurity.

Purpose: To define the concept of "health care insecurity,” validate a new self-report measure, and examine the impact of beginning care at a free clinic on uninsured patients' health care insecurity.

Methods: Consecutive new patients presenting at a free clinic completed 15 items assessing domains of health care insecurity (HCI) at their first visit and again four to eight weeks later. Psychometrics and change of the HCI measure were examined.