Triticum mosaic virus: An overview of biology, functional genomics, gene expression vector, and management strategies.

Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV; Poacevirus tritici) is the founding member of the genus Poacevirus within the family Potyviridae. TriMV is one of the components of the wheat streak mosaic disease (WSMD) complex, an economically significant wheat disease in the Great Plains region of the USA. TriMV contains a single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome of 10,266 nts with an unusually long 5'-nontranslated region of 739 nts.

Responses of Wheat () Constitutively Expressing Four Different Monolignol Biosynthetic Genes to Fusarium Head Blight Caused by .

The Fusarium head blight (FHB) pathogen produces the trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol and reduces wheat yield and grain quality. Spring wheat () genotype CB037 was transformed with constitutive expression (CE) constructs containing sorghum () genes encoding monolignol biosynthetic enzymes caffeoyl coenzyme A (CoA) 3--methyltransferase (), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (), or coumaroyl shikimate 3-hydroxylase () or monolignol pathway transcriptional activator . Spring wheats were screened for type I (resistance to initial infection, using spray inoculations) and type II (resistance to spread within the spike, using single-floret inoculations) resistances in the field (spray) and greenhouse (spray and single floret).

Cytogenetic and genomic characterization of a novel tall wheatgrass-derived Fhb7 allele integrated into wheat B genome.

We identified and integrated the novel FHB-resistant Fhb7 allele into wheat B genome and made it usable in both common and durum wheat breeding programs without yellow flour linkage drag. A novel tall wheatgrass-derived (Thinopyrum elongatum, genome EE) Fhb7 allele, designated Fhb7, was identified and integrated into the wheat B genome through a small 7B-7E translocation (7BS·7BL-7EL) involving the terminal regions of the long arms. Fhb7 conditions significant Type II resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat.

Identification and Validation of High LD Hotspot Genomic Regions Harboring Stem Rust Resistant Genes on 1B, 2A (), and 7B Chromosomes in Wheat.

Stem rust caused by sp. i Eriks. is an important disease of common wheat globally.

Molecular marker dissection of stem rust resistance in Nebraska bread wheat germplasm.

Stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) is a major disease of wheat.

Genome-Wide Association Study for Multiple Biotic Stress Resistance in Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat.

Genetic resistance against biotic stress is a major goal in many wheat breeding programs. However, modern wheat cultivars have a limited genetic variation for disease and pest resistance and there is always a possibility of the evolution of new diseases and pests to overcome previously identified resistance genes. A total of 125 synthetic hexaploid wheats (SHWs; 2 = 6 = 42, AABBDD, L.

Amylose-Free ("") Wheat Colonization by spp. and Response to Fusarium Head Blight.

Hexaploid wheat ( L.) has null mutations in genes and grain lacking amylose with increased digestibility and usability for specialty foods. The cultivar Mattern is susceptible to Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by species complex, which produces the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON).

Suppression of wheat Fusarium head blight by novel amphiphilic aminoglycoside fungicide K20.

K20 is a novel amphiphilic aminoglycoside capable of inhibiting many fungal species. K20's capabilities to inhibit Fusarium graminearum the causal agent wheat Fusarium head blight (FHB) and to this disease were examined. K20 inhibited the growth of F.

Genome-Wide Association Study for Identification and Validation of Novel SNP Markers for Stem Rust Resistance Gene in Bread Wheat.

Unlabelled: Stem rust (caused by f. sp. Erikss.

Wheat streak mosaic virus: a century old virus with rising importance worldwide.

Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) causes wheat streak mosaic, a disease of cereals and grasses that threatens wheat production worldwide. It is a monopartite, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus and the type member of the genus Tritimovirus in the family Potyviridae. The only known vector is the wheat curl mite (WCM, Aceria tosichella), recently identified as a species complex of biotypes differing in virus transmission.

Transmission of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to internal tissues and its survival on flowering heads of wheat.

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a human pathogen that can cause bloody diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome. E. coli O157:H7 illnesses are mainly associated with undercooked beef; however, in recent years, outbreaks have been linked to fresh produce, such as spinach, lettuce, and sprouts.

An eriophyid mite-transmitted plant virus contains eight genomic RNA segments with unusual heterogeneity in the nucleocapsid protein.

Eriophyid mite-transmitted, multipartite, negative-sense RNA plant viruses with membrane-bound spherical virions are classified in the genus Emaravirus. We report here that the eriophyid mite-transmitted Wheat mosaic virus (WMoV), an Emaravirus, contains eight genomic RNA segments, the most in a known negative-sense RNA plant virus. Remarkably, two RNA 3 consensus sequences, encoding the nucleocapsid protein, were found with 12.

Factors influencing deoxynivalenol accumulation in small grain cereals.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin produced by the plant pathogenic fungi Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum. These and other closely related fungi cause a disease known as Fusarium head blight (FHB) in small grain cereals.

Effects of Integrating Cultivar Resistance and Fungicide Application on Fusarium Head Blight and Deoxynivalenol in Winter Wheat.

Fusarium head blight (FHB) or scab, incited by Fusarium graminearum, can cause significant economic losses in small grain production. Five field experiments were conducted from 2007 to 2009 to determine the effects on FHB and the associated mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) of integrating winter wheat cultivar resistance and fungicide application. Other variables measured were yield and the percentage of Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK).

Wheat cultivar-specific disease synergism and alteration of virus accumulation during co-infection with Wheat streak mosaic virus and Triticum mosaic virus.

Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV), the type member of the newly proposed Poacevirus genus, and Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), the type member of Tritimovirus genus of the family Potyviridae, infect wheat naturally in the Great Plains and are transmitted by wheat curl mites. In this study, we examined the ability of these viruses to infect selected cereal hosts, and found several differential hosts between TriMV and WSMV. Additionally, we examined the interaction between WSMV and TriMV in three wheat cultivars at two temperature regimens (19 and 20 to 26 degrees C), and quantified the virus concentration in single and double infections by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.

Triticum mosaic virus: a distinct member of the family potyviridae with an unusually long leader sequence.

The complete genome sequence of Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV), a member in the family Potyviridae, has been determined to be 10,266 nucleotides (nt) excluding the 3' polyadenylated tail. The genome encodes a large polyprotein of 3,112 amino acids with the "hall-mark proteins" of potyviruses, including a small overlapping gene, PIPO, in the P3 cistron. The genome of TriMV has an unusually long 5' nontranslated region of 739 nt with 12 translation initiation codons and three small open reading frames, which resemble those of the internal ribosome entry site containing 5' leader sequences of the members of Picornaviridae.

Evaluation of Lisianthus Cultivars for Resistance to Botrytis cinerea.

Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) is a high-value cut flower. However, major yield losses often result from gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea. Various techniques were used to evaluate 12 lisianthus cultivars for resistance B.